发布时间 : 星期五 文章句子成分和非谓语动词更新完毕开始阅读
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语) She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) I am taller than he is.(比较状语) 八、同位语: 解释说明前面另一个名词或代词 I’m Li Hua, president of Students’ Union of our university. （名词短语） Mr Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. （名词短语） We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. （名词短语） The news that he passed the driving test surprised us. （从句）
不定式 （do/to do）
非谓语动词 分词（现在分词doing, 过去分词done） 动名词（doing）
考点1 非谓语动词作状语 ★★★★★ 1. 不定式作状语 功 能 用法 原因状语 多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后 目的状语 可与so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首 结果状语 常表示意想不到的结果, 常用only to do I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语)
To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的状语) I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语) 不定式表结果的固定结构:
only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such …as to. . . ; . . . enough(for sb. )to. . . He was too scared to say a word.
The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
I was lucky enough to be employed(雇佣) as a secretary(秘书). 2. 分词作状语
功能 现在分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果等 用法 现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系, 且含有进行之意 功能 过去分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随等 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语, 不表示被动关系,表示句子主语所处的一种状态 用法 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系, 且含有完成之意 常见的有: seated(坐在……)、hidden(躲藏于……)、located(位于……) 、buried in(埋头于……专心于……)、devoted to(奉献于…)、lost/absorbed in(全神贯注于…，沉浸于…)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)、faced with（面临……）、addicted to(沉溺于……)、occupied in(忙于……) accustomed to(习惯于……)等 Hearing (hear) the good news, he jumped with great joy. Not knowing (know) what to do, I had to wait here. The girls came in, following (follow) their parents. The teacher came in, followed (follow) by some students. Seen (see) from the hill, the city looks like a garden. Seeing (see) from the hill, we can enjoy the view of the city. Given (give) more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed (absorb) in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound. Having driven (drive) all day, we were rather tired. 【点津】①把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; ②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果;
The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children. ③准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法;
④如果分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作发生在谓语动词之前时， 则用完成式having done。
Not having finished her work in time, she was fired by her boss. ⑤分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
Her father being ill (Because her father was ill), she had to stay at home to look after him.
Weather permitting (=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
3. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有:
generally speaking 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by. . . 根据……来判断
considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration 考虑到…… to tell (you) the truth 说实话 to be honest 老实说