发布时间 : 星期二 文章句子成分和非谓语动词更新完毕开始阅读
句子成分: 主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 一、主语: 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式短语) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) It is reported that 5000 people were killed in the earthquake. (it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的主语从句) 二、谓语: 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: He practices running every morning. （动词或动词短语） You may keep the book for two weeks. （情态动词+V原） He has caught a bad cold. （助动词+V） We are students. （系动词+表语） 三、表语: 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. (形容词) The speech is exciting. (分词) Three times seven is twenty one? (数词) His job is to teach English. (不定式) His hobby (爱好) is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order. (介词短语) Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表语从句) 四、宾语: 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者, 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 They went to see an exhibition(展览) yesterday. (名词) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. (代词) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. (数词) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名词化形容词) He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语) I think (that) he is not suitable for this post. (宾语从句) Lend me(间接宾语) your dictionary(直接宾语), please. (双宾语) They elected him(宾语) their monitor(宾补). (复合宾语) 五、宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般是某些及物动词 (如see /watch/ observe/ notice/ hear/ feel/ make/ find/ name/ call/ elect/ have/ get/leave/ keep等+宾语+宾补)和with+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 His father named him Dongming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. (副词) You mustn't force him to lend his money to you. (不定式短语) We saw her entering the room. (现在分词) I have to have my hair cut.（过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order. (介词短语) We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句) 六、定语: 修饰名词或代词。 Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词) China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school. (名词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised. (代词) Our monitor is always the first to get to the school. (不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. (动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn English. (介词短语) The building being repaired is our library. (现在分词短语) The building completed last month is our library. (过去分词短语) The news that you told me yesterday is really exciting.（从句） 七、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分. Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) He is in the room, making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait a minute.(名词) Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句) 状语种类如下: How about meeting again at six?(时间状语) Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语) I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)