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because I don't have a head for numbers.\brought me flowers because he had a good day at work\to temporary causes (\situations to enduring causes. (\
The pessimist allows a disappointment in one area of his life to pervade the rest. Say he's laid off from work. The pessimist not only feels bad about losing his job, but he also starts to worry that his marriage is in trouble and his kids are out of control. The optimist doesn't let one setback contaminate his whole life. So at the moment I don't have a job, he thinks, my wife and I are still close, and my kids made the honor roll.
When things go wrong, pessimists blame themselves. If another driver dents your packed car, you blame yourself for parking in a \or fluke and looks for a new approach -- \
1. The underlined word \ A) feel B) make money C) expend D) experience 2. Psychologists hold that ________. A) optimistic people are less likely to fall ill than pessimistic people B) optimism works more than blind faith C) people are born optimistic or pessimistic D) optimists prevent the disappointments in every respect of their life
3. Which of the following is TRUE of the difference between optimists and pessimists? A) Pessimists usually blame themselves for their mistakes, while optimists don't. B) Optimists are wealthier than pessimists. C) Optimism can help explain the setbacks while pessimism cannot. D) For pessimists a failure proves that he's incapable, but optimists don't think so. 4. In this passage, how is the discussion of optimism and pessimism developed? A) By time sequence. B) By comparison and contrast. C) By cause and effect. D) By definition.
5. Which of the following statements is implied but not stated in the passage? A) The power of optimism is awesome. B) Optimism can be acquired at any age. C) Optimistic parents are likely to have optimistic children. D) Optimism is a long lasting habit.
Unit 5
Moral Values
Part One Text-oriented Exercises Words and Expressions Complete each of the following sentences with the appropriate form of the word given in brackets.
1. One of the most __________ moral values for Americans is honesty. (base) 2. Learning to drive in London was difficult for Chinese but I __________ with it.
(perseverance)
3. Three other honored moral virtues are courage, __________ and loyalty. (responsible) 4. Thousands of children were __________ by the milk powder in many places. (poison) 5. If you __________ the policeman's instructions, he may arrest you on the spot. (regard) 6. It is universally believed that germs are __________ to the naked eye. (visible)
7. Every time she tried to argue with her husband, she ended up __________ her eyes out. (cry) 8. He went to work late this morning, because he got __________ in a traffic jam. (stick) 9. I strongly __________ of the firm's policy though the majority of the staff are for it. (approve)
10. Because of the financial crisis, many people working in the South have become __________ and many of them have to look for work in other areas. (employ)
Replace the underlined word or expression in each of the following sentences with one word or expression from either Text A or Text B that best keeps the original meaning.
1. He is a person with character and always does what he has agreed or promised to do in a contract. ( )
2. The government tried to control demand for foreign goods and persuade the people to buy home-made products. ( )
3. The husband did what he could to keep the marriage from breaking off. ( )
4. The new laws have come into force and the police are trying to carry them out. ( )
5. In order to deal with the global financial crisis, the government calls on the people to do more home trade to make up for the decrease in the international trade. ( )
6. He is always lying, so most of the people who know him seldom believe what he has said. ( )
7. At such a young age, these innocent girls are cheated easily and they should be protected by laws. ( )
8. The company makes it certain to refund your money in order to maintain its reputation. ( )
9. Although he had lived abroad for about 20 years, he began to speak the local dialect when he came back. ( )
10. Correct grammar and sentence structure do not in themselves compose good writing. ( )
There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four alternative choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. Voice training will be ______ if you plan to go into the theater. A) to the advantages of you B) to your advantage C) to the advantages of yours D) to you advantage
2. The records ______ to show an improvement in sales that didn't exist. A) were pretended B) were pretending C) were faked D) were lied
3. At such a young age, these innocent girls, who always take anything ______, get ______ easily.
A) on trust, taken B) on the trust, taken
C) on trust, took D) in trust, taken
4. I am quite ______ your opinion that we need a more harmonious society. A) in agree with B) in agreement for C) in agreement with D) in the agreement with
5. Learning languages is a long, ______ process with ______ and it is too easy just to give up.
A) gradually, ups and downs B) gradually, up and down C) gradual, ups and downs D) gradual, up and down 6. He was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police. A) succeeded to B) might C) was able to D) may as well
7. All ______ is a continuous supply of fuel oil, which is fundamental to the development of every country.
A) what is needed B) that is needed C) the thing needed D) for their needs
8. I regret to inform you that your son has been ______ to the police for breaking the street lights.
A) handed in B) turned in C) handed out D) turned out
9. Only when your identity has been checked, ______.
A) you are allowed in B) you'll be allowed in C) will you allow in D) will you be allowed in 10. ______, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A) However late is he B) However he is late C) However is he late D) However late he is
Read the following two passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Read
the passages carefully and decide on the best choice for each question or unfinished statement. (Reading in Depth) Passage One
There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of lifesaving. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being, they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were
photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged(浸满水的) mattress. If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been because curiosity
attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed.
Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then shoving him across the
tank like an aquaplane. Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. This knocks the turtle down several feet. He no sooner recovers his equilibrium(平衡) than the next porpoise comes along and hits him another crack. Eventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. He is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. The turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over.
1. What is right according to the Marine Studio biologists? A) Porpoises will save drowning men. B) Dolphins are very intelligent. C) Dolphins sometimes save men for fun. D) Dolphins are curious about many things. 2. Why do porpoises drive the sharks away? A) To protect the sailor. B) To practice their skills. C) To play with sharks. D) To fight their enemies.
3. What does the underlined word \ A) Humiliation. B) Enjoyment. C) Curiosity. D) Suffering.
4. Why does the calf try to turn the turtle over? A) To play. B) To help the turtle. C) To practice their skills. D) To save their dear life. 5. What can indicate the ending of the game? A) The turtle is satisfied to try to stand up. B) Another porpoise knocks the turtle flat. C) The turtle pulls his feet under his shell. D) The turtle is hit another crack. Passage Two
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed \
academically\half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented Americans listed