高中英语必修6(北师大版)Unit 18 Beauty 知识点总结

发布时间 : 星期二 文章高中英语必修6(北师大版)Unit 18 Beauty 知识点总结更新完毕开始阅读

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dimension n. 方面;尺寸;维度;范围 tasteless adj. 没有味道的;无鉴赏力的;粗俗的 skateboard v. 用滑板滑行 delicate adj. 精美的;微妙的 dignity n. 尊贵;尊严;庄重

polished adj.优雅的;精致的;擦亮的 refresh v.(使)恢复精神;重新振作 shabby adj.低劣的;肮脏破烂的;卑鄙的 harsh adj.刺耳的,刺眼的;严厉的 chorus n.合唱部分;合唱队 tendency n.倾向;趋势 abrupt adj.突然的,出奇不意的 version n. 版本;说法;形式 steady adj 稳定的;不变的;沉着的

Christian n. 基督徒,信徒 adj. 基督教的;信基督教的 endless adj. 没完没了的 bend v. 弯曲;屈服;屈从

vague adj.模糊的;不明确的;茫然的 stout adj. 肥胖的 bound n.一跳,一跃 tone n. 语调,语气

unlike prep. 不像…,与…不同 affection n.喜爱;感情;慈爱 merchant n.商人;店主;专家 trap vt. 诱捕,设圈套,使陷入圈套 theme n. 主题;题目;主旋律 manner n. 方式,方法 drawback n. 缺点;弊端

evident adj. 明显的;明白的;清楚的 recommendation n.推荐;介绍;建议

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plot n.情节;阴谋;(小块)土地 catalogue n.目录;总目;系列 childish adj. 孩子的,幼稚的 range n.变化范围;等级;类别 convey vt.传递

hang on a second 稍等一会儿;别挂断(电话) bits and pieces 零碎东西; 零星物品

二、重点句型

Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time, so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.

解析:这是一个由so 连接的表示因果关系的并列复合句。第一个分句中,去掉插入成分like society itself,变为

Traditions and fashions change and adapt with time(传统和时尚随时间而变化和适应);第二个分句中,it是形式主

语,真正的主语是that our ideas of beauty change. 可以还原为: That our ideas of beauty change is reasonable.

翻译:传统和时尚,正如社会自身一样,是会随时间而变化的,因此我们对美的认识会变化也是理所当然的。

拓展:当主语部分太长,谓语部分太短时,常常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置,以避免头重脚轻。结构为:

It+be+adj./n./done+真正的主语(从句/to do sth./ doing sth.)。如: It is my duty to care for that patient. 照顾那位病人是我的职责。

It is likely that they will beat us tonight. 有可能他们今晚会打败我们。

注意:当表语是good, use, a waste, useful等时,通常用动名词作真正的主语。 It's no use crying over spilt milk. 事已至此,后悔无用。

In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes, to show family

associations or to mark criminals so that they could easily be recognized.

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解析:本句为主从复合句,去掉从句及其他修饰成分,此句主干为some cultures used tattoos as an addition to

costumes(一些文化用纹身作为服饰的点缀);to show family associations or to mark criminals 是两个不定式短语

用作目的状语; so that 引导的是目的状语从句,表示 to mark criminals 的目的。

翻译:在过去,一些文化中用纹身作为服饰的点缀,以此表现家族联系,或者给罪犯打上印记以便易于分辨。

In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at all—

rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.

解析:此句中,破折号前后是两个表示对比意思的句子。两个句子去掉修饰成分,主干为:looking thin is not…(看

起来苗条并不…);looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.(看起来略丰满才被认为更有吸引力),

两个句子都是用动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式is;what a woman desires at all 是表语从句。 翻译:在其他文化中,女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条,而身材看起来略微丰满才更加迷人。 拓展:本句中 what 引导表语从句,在从句中充当宾语。除此之外,what 还可引导其他的名词性从句:主语从句,

同 位语从句,宾语从句。

She is no longer what she used to be. (表语从句) 她不是过去的她了。

What he has told us is of great importance. (主语从句) 他告诉我们的话至关重要。

The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. (同位语从句) 什么使情况更糟的问题一直在困扰着我。

The manager told us that he wanted to take back what he had said. (宾语从句) 经理告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。

With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can

be used to judge what is beautiful.

解析:此句为多重复合句,去掉从句和其他修饰成分,主干为: There are no precise criteria.(没有精确的标

准)。介词短语 “With the influence of history, society and culture” 作原因状语; which 引导的是定语从句,修饰限

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定名词criteria; what 引导的宾语从句作动词 judge 的宾语。

翻译:受历史、社会和文化的影响,没有精确的衡量标准用来判断什么是美。

The human race would soon die out if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria.

解析:此句为if虚拟条件句,表示与将来事实可能相反。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气:从句有三种表达方式:过去

式/were to do/ should do;主句用should/would/could/might +动词原形。如: If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨,运动会就取消。

翻译:如果我们只能够用一套有限的标准来衡量美,人类不久将灭绝。 拓展:虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句运用中的其它两种形式为: 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气:

从句用一般过去时(be 的过去式通常用were),主句should/would/could/might +动词原形。 If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 如果我是你,我就会抓住这次出国的机会。 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气:

从句用过去完成时(had done/been);主句should/would/could/might + have done。 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你采纳了我的意见,你在考试中就不会失败了。

We are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see.

解析:此句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。去掉修饰成分,句子主干为:We are influenced by …, but it is inner

beauty that requires us to truly see.(我们受…影响,但是内在美要求我们真正去注意到)。第二个分句中包含了

强调句型 “It+be+强调部分+that(或who)+句子其他成分”。此句强调的是句子主语inner beauty。去掉强调句型,

可以还原为 inner beauty requires us to truly see.。

翻译:受文化、生理和历史时期的制约,我们能够快速地、轻而易举地看到外在的美,但其实内在的美才真正需 要我们注意。

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拓展:强调句的句型结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分”。强调句型可以用来强调一个句子

中除了谓语以外的任何成分。 除强调人时可以用who之外,其余都要用that。强调句去掉It is/was... that后句子还成

立,that在句中不充当成分。如: 昨天我在街上遇见了约翰。

It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday. (强调主语) It was John that/who I met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语) It was in the street that I met John yesterday. (强调地点状语) It was yesterday that I met John in the street. (强调时间状语)

三、重点语法

used to 与would 用法

相同点:

表示过去的习惯动作,常互换。如:

When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer. 小时候,每到夏天我们都要去游泳。 不同点:

1. used to 可指过去的状态,would 则不能。如: There used to be a swimming pool in our school. 我们镇上过去有一个游泳池。(不能用would)

2. would 表示反复发生的动作,used to没有反复性。例如: He would say so when he was young. 他年轻时常这么说。(有反复性) I used to live in Beijing.

我过去住在北京。(没有反复性)

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