发布时间 : 星期二 文章Intercultural communication skills更新完毕开始阅读
considerations (what Chinese might call renqingwei) would be considered private matters rather than public, so, even though there would be sympathy for John’s family situation, it would be hard to use that situation to justify a decision to let him keep his job.
Of course, personal relationships do make a difference in how people in the west treat each other, even in public settings. However, the wall between public and private life tends to be somewhat higher in the individualist West than it is in collectivist cultures.
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的同情，要用这种境况来改变决定让他保住工作是很难的。
当然，即使在公众情况下，西方人对待彼此多时，私人关系确实也起了一定作用。然而，公私关系界限在个人主义的西方文化中比在集体主义文化中更明确。
Unit3
第三单元
Encounter: Mistakes
―Grace‖ is a university student in China,
and
she
has
an
English
conversation class with a Western teacher named Mr.Schmidt. In the class Grace lots of chances to practice her speaking because Mr.Schmidt often has the students discuss in pairs or small groups. Grace likes all the speaking practice, but she also worries because her friends’ English isn’t any better than hers and they cannot correct English mistakes she makes. So Grace also likes to talk directly with Mr.Schmidt when she has the chance.
However, Grace has noticed that even when Mr.Schmidt talks with her in class, he almost never corrects mistakes in her English. This worries her because she is afraid that if he doesn’t correct her mistakes now, the mistakes will become bad habits that are hard to break later. So several times after class she has politely asked Mr.Schmidt to be especially careful about correcting errors she makes in English. He has always assured her that he will.
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事件：错误
格蕾丝是中国大学生，西方老师施密特给上他们英语口语课。施密特先生经常叫同学与同伴讨论或以小组形式讨论，这样，格蕾丝有了很多在课堂上练习口语的机会。格蕾丝喜欢所有的口语练习，但是她有个担忧：由于她朋友们的英语都不及她好，因此，他们不能帮她改正所犯的英语错误。因此，只要有机会，格蕾丝喜欢直接与施密特先生对话。
然而，格蕾丝也注意到甚至是在课堂上与施密特先生对话，他几乎不改正她犯的英语错误。这让她很担心，因为她害怕如果现在不改正这些错误，它们就会变成以后很难纠正的坏习惯。因此，好几次下课后她都礼貌地请施密特先生尤其注意她所犯的英语错误。他总向她承诺他会的。
Today Grace has just made a speech in class, and hopes that Mr. Schmidt will point out some of her errors. However, after her speech, the only comments about the content of what she said. To her surprise and frustration, he still says nothing about her grammar.
Intercultural Communication
Reading:
Generalization and Stereotypes
Of course, not all people who live in the same country share exactly the same culture. For example, in China there are cultural differences between coastal and inland areas, between urban and rural areas and between Han people and minority peoples.
There are also differences between individual Chinese; for example, some are
more
independent-minded
than
others, some believe more firmly in tradition than others, and so forth.
However, it is still valid to generalize about
―Chinese
culture‖
because, despite their differences, there are many things that the great majority of people of China share in common, such
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今天格蕾丝刚在班上发表了演讲，她希望施密特先生能指出她的某些错误。然而，演讲结束后，老师只对她所说的内容作了评价。让她很惊讶很沮丧的是，老师仍然对语法错误只字未提。
跨文化交际阅读:
泛化和刻板印象
当然，不是所有同一国家的人都有同一种文化。比如，在中国，有沿海和内陆文化差异，城市与农村文化差异，汉族和少数民族文化差异。
各个中国人间也有不同；比如，一些人更鲁莽一些，一些人更传统一些，等等。
但是，仍然可以有效地概括出“中国文化”，尽管有很多不同，绝大多数中国人有很多相似的地方。
as:
Shared knowledge .For example, almost all Chinese people know the stories of people like Qu Yuan, Yue Fei.
Shared value: For example, almost all Chinese consider being a good host important.
Shared perspectives .For example, virtually all Chinese consider the Great Wall an important symbol of Chinese culture.
Shared beliefs .For example, most Chinese traditionally believed that their departed ancestors had the power to help them (although this belief is less common now).
Shared behavior .For example, most Chinese eat with chopsticks, and usually bathe in the evening instead of in the morning.
It is almost impossible to talk about cultures without making generalizations because a culture is based on things that a group of people share in common. In one sense generalizations are the culture, and without generalizations there would be no culture.
However, we need to be careful that generalizations about cultures don’t
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相同的知识：比如，几乎所有中国人都知道屈原、岳飞等的故事。
相同的价值观：比如，几乎所有的中国人都觉得做个好主人很重要。
相同的看法：比如，事实上，所有的中国人都把长城看成中国文化的象征。
相同的信仰：比如，大多数中国人传统地认为他们死去的祖先有保佑他们的能力（尽管这种信仰现在不太普遍了）。
相同的行为：比如，大多数中国人用筷子吃饭，晚上而不是早上洗澡。
没有泛化，我们是没办法谈论文化的，因为文化基于一群人相同的东西上。某种意义上来说，泛化就是文化，没有泛化就没有文化。
然而，我们应该注意，不能让文化的泛化变成刻板印象，泛化的范围