发布时间 : 星期二 文章(全国统考)2021高考英语一轮复习第1编话题七Book7Unit3Underthesea课时作业(含解析)更新完毕开始阅读
Unit 3 Under the sea
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn
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greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A．The various patterns at the ocean surface. B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C．The way light reflects off marine organisms. D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
答案：B 段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。
2．What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Sensitive. C．Significant.
B．Beneficial. D．Unnoticeable.
答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes. C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate. D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
答案：D 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某
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些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。
4．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes. B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain. C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans. D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。
I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I_suddenly_had_the_feeling_of_not_being_able_to_ feel_the_ground_with_my_feet_anymore.
For my 10th birthday, my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef. There were fish in different colors, caves and layers of coral. They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected, I was shocked. Australian marine life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic is depressing, so it's important for us to do everything to protect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. I've become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean's
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species will all have a safe place forever.
Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and
trying
to
find
the
secrets
of
ocean
species.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。在澳大利亚长大的作者对海洋有着深厚的感情，当他得知珊瑚和海洋生物正处在非常危险的状态时，他决定为保护海洋环境作出自己的努力。
5．From the underlined sentence in Para. 1, we can learn the author ________. A．seldom went surfing at the sea B．forgot his experiences about the ocean C．never went back to his hometown
D．had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay
答案：D 推理判断题。由文章第一段作者陈述，自己永远不会忘记海洋的美丽，以及关键词“good fortune of having the sea ...”可推知，当他第一次来到半月湾时，他有一种飘飘欲仙的感觉。由此可推断，半月湾给作者留下了非常美好的印象。故选D项。
6．According to the second paragraph, Australian marine life ________. A．is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually B．depends on reefs for living greatly C．may be faced with danger
D．is protected better than that in other oceans
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚只有1%的珊瑚海受到保护，而且全世界只有45%的珊瑚是健康的。由此可知，澳大利亚的海洋生物正处在危险之中。故选C项。
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