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我们这个行业的集体思维习惯必须改变。电子商务不仅仅是一股技术潮流，也不仅仅是省钱的途径。事实上它是“技术”的自然延伸，而这样的技术已经变成了我们日常经营活动不可分割的部分。
The collective mindset of our industry must change. E-business is not just a technology trend. Nor is it just a way to save money. In fact, it is a natural extension of the “technology “that is already integrated into the fabric of our everyday operations. 二, 英汉
First of all can I thank Euromoney for having put on this Business Forum and thank so many of you for coming to listen to me, and I am absolutely delighted to be back in Shanghai again. I came here first in 1988. I don’t suppose any of these buildings were here in 1988. Then I came back five years ago, and I have come back today and I have seen another remarkable transformation. It is a quite extraordinary city you have here, and congratulations to everybody who is involved in its development, because I think you are well on your way to being a world class city by 2015.
首先我要谢谢欧洲货币组织为我们举办了这次商业论坛，谢谢大家来这里听我的发言，能又一次来到上海我尤感高兴。我第一次来上海是在1988年，那时这些建筑都还没有建成。5年前，我来过一次，今天，我又来了。我看到了是另一番巨变。你们拥有的是一座非凡的城市。 我祝贺在座的所有参与了发展这座城市的各位。我想到2015年，你们肯定会把它建设成为世界一流的大都市。
We fully support that ambition, and I should also say congratulations to Shanghai because they won their bid to host the Expo in 2010. And the links between UK companies and Shanghai are getting ever closer, and actually between the people as well. When I was with the Mayor, walking along the Bund just a short time ago, there was a woman journalist who rushed up to ask me a question. She finished asking me the question, and I asked her---because I thought she spoke very good English---Where she had learned English. She has just been a Cambridge graduate and is returning to do her viva for her degree. And it is an amazing thing to think now that you have more Chinese students coming to the UK than any other country.
我们全力支持你们的雄心壮志，并祝贺上海赢得了2010年世博会的主办权。英国公司和上海的关系越来越紧密，当然，人们之间的连接也更紧密。不久前，当我与上海市长漫步外滩的时候，有一位女记者跑上前来提了一个问题。当她问完后，我问她从哪里学的英文，因为我觉得她的英文说的非常好。她说她刚从剑桥大学毕业，第二天就要返回英国参加学位答辩。现在到英国留学的中国学生远比其他任何国家的都要多，这是一件多么令人惊喜的事情。
And there are other things that I think we are learning from each other too. Take urban development for example. Some development projects in China, such as the western development strategy, aim to meet the core
infrastructure need, and this is an area where we have got very particular strengths, because our experience in urban regeneration, and in particular in getting public and private sectors to work together, is something that I think we have to offer you by way of expertise here in Shanghai.
我想我们之间能互相学习的地方还有很多。拿城市发展来说，中国的某些发展计划，比如西部大开发战略，是以满足核心基础建设为目标的，而这一领域正是我们的强项。我们在城市改造方面，特别是促进政府和私人企业共同合作方面非常有经验。我们可以通过利用上海这里的专业技术向你们提供这些经验。
Your sister city in the UK, as you know, is Liverpool. And the links between those two cities are important obviously in a cultural sense, but they are also important because we can offer some good examples of how urban
regeneration can transform a city. Now you are transforming Shanghai obviously in an extraordinary way already, but it is interesting that some of the same principles that we apply in the northwest of England, in Liverpool, apply here as well. And we believe our expertise has something to offer you there too.
上海在英国的兄弟城市是利物浦。把这座城市联系在一起的重要性首先表现在文化方面，此外还在于我们能在城市改造方面提供良好的借鉴。尽管你们正以一种独特非凡的方式改造上海，但有意思的是，我们在英国西北部的利物浦所实施的城市改造策略同样适用于上海。我们相信，在有关专业技术方面我们能提供某些帮助。
There is another area in which we can help, and I have just been discussing this with some of your entrepreneurs and city officials upstairs. The UK is a world leader in the development of public-private partnerships, which involve the public and the private sector working together to provide infrastructure and services. And in the UK, the private financing initiatives have enabled us to develop our infrastructure more cost effectively, more quickly and to a higher quality than otherwise would have been possible. And it is playing a big part now, as I was explaining to your people upstairs. It is playing a big part in allowing us to have major public sector building programmers delivered on budget and on cost.
还有一个领域我们可以提供帮助。我跟你们的企业家和上层政府官员讨论过这个问题。英国在公共与私有合作开发方面处于世界领先水平， 也就是公共部门和私人企业之间进行合作从事基础建设和提供服务。在英国，与其它方式比较，私人融资的启动让我们能够在基础建设方面更节约成本、速度更快、质量更高。正如我向你们高层人士所阐述的那样，私有融资方式正发挥着巨大的作用，它能让我们在预算和成本方面挽救那些大型的公共部门建设项目。
And coming here to Shanghai, I want to say to you first of all how delighted I have been to see the enormous progress in this city; but secondly to express my profound admiration for what you are doing here, not just in Shanghai, but throughout the whole of China to bring progress and wealth to all your people.
来到上海，首先我要对你们说的是，当我看到了这个城市的巨大进步时我是多么的高兴么。还有，你们不仅发展了上海，而且发展了全国，给人民创造了财富，为此我要表达我对你们的崇敬之情。 Unit9 Section1
What would you say are some of the key differences that you have noticed in management and work style between China and the West? 您认为中西方在管理和工作方式之间有哪些主要差异？
我发现有些明显的差异，例如，中国的经理做事紧张而快速，总给人一种压力感和紧迫感。在中国我有时感到，我们在处理事务的时候似乎不像你们西方人那样重视计划，也就是说，我们强调的是短期目标。确实我们有这样一种感觉，在紧张和压力下我们会把事情做得更好。但是出现了一个很有意思的矛盾，那就是在我们更宽泛的中国文化环境里，我们是非常注重长远计划的。同样，我了解到许多西方的经理仍在抱怨他们的财政计划限制太死，时间不够长。
There are some obvious differences that I detect. For example, Chinese managers like to hurry and do things very quickly—there is always a sense of pressure and urgency. In China I sometimes sense that in our business dealing we do not always place the same importance on planning as you seem to in the West—our focus tends to be on the short term. Indeed there is the perception that we perform better under stress and time pressure. But an interesting contradiction is that in our wider Chinese culture we are very long-term focused! Equally, I know that many Western managers complain about their narrow short-term financial focus! What about the role of leadership and the differences you see there? 那领导作用和领导差异有什么不同么？
一谈到领导和权利，我就发现差异是多方面的。在西方，领导权通常是以任务为中心的，而且直接了当。而中国经理更注重的是谁是否胜任某项工作和任务。在中国，个人关系会决定谁能够做什么事情。在中国的传统文化里，公司老板掌握着全部的权力，组织等级是管理一个组织或者公司的关键因素，是经营一家公司的主要机制。公司的老板必须无所不知并能够随时指名方向。员工总是期待老板的指示和领导，因此也过多地依赖他们的老板。
There is a lot of difference when it comes to leadership and authority. In the West, leadership often tends to be task=focused and straightforward. Chinese managers, however, tend to be more focused on to determine who is awarded a role or task. In China, the personal relationship will determine who gets to do what. In traditional Chinese culture the boss is all-powerful and the organizational hierarchy is a critical element of managing an
organization or business---it is the key mechanism to running the business. As a boss you are expected to know all the answers and be the source of clear direction. People expect the boss to instruct and lead at all times, and the staff will wait for that instruction and thus be heavily dependent on the boss. How do you compare this approach to the Western one?
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您是如何比较中西方之间这种方式方法的？
对比之下，我认为西方的经理要开放得多，与人相处也比较平等。总而言之，西方人能够共商更多的事务。在这些讨论中，可以看出他们对待问题的主人翁精神和对项目投入负责的态度。在中国人看来这种做法只能会导致决策的缓慢，甚至在某些情况下导致尴尬。中国人的行为方式通常引起快速做出决定。但这并不意味着人们就认真积极地参与了决策。他们对公司的忠诚不见得明显。当你看见中国人行色匆匆谋求发展的时候，就知道他们对公司不够忠诚。
In contrast I see Western managers as much more open and egalitarian. Generally speaking, people are consulted on more issues. From these discussions, ownership of the problem or commitment to the project is sought and believed to follow. To the Chinese this may seem to result in slow decision making and in some cases frustration. Whilst Chinese behavior often results in fast decisions, it does not imply that people are committed to the decision. Indeed loyalty is not necessarily seen as a strong trait. At the moment I see people moving on very quickly in China in order to progress-there is little allegiance or loyalty to organizations. Much has been made about differences in dealing with conflict. How do you see these? 在处理冲突和矛盾时所表现出来的差异，已经有了不少说法，您是如何看待这些差异的？
许多人都知道，中国人一般回波在公共场合或在公开会议上处理冲突和矛盾。丢面子在亚洲国家是一个大禁忌，丢面子被认为是很可耻的事情。在公开会议上发难而引起对某人的批评被认为是一大错误。但这并不意味着中国的经理互相之间就没有冲突，他们处理冲突的方式通常是私下的和秘密的。在公开会议上，中国的经理说话时总显得矜持和委婉，他们处理矛盾的方式是柔弱迂回的。西方人乐于在公开论坛上诘难，而这种做法通常被认为是一种态度积极的表现，处理冲突的方式都是公开和直接的，问题已出现，通常能马上得到处理。
As many people might already know, managing conflict in public or open meetings is largely avoided in China. In Asia the loss of face is a major taboo. Losing face is viewed as something quite shameful. Addressing difficult problems in an open meeting that results in someone being criticized is a big mistake. That is not to say the Chinese managers do not have conflicts with each other. Rather they will deal with any conflicts in private and in a confidential manner. In open meetings Chinese managers are likely to be indirect and reserved. They will handle differences in a soft and circuitous way. In the West you tend to be quite happy to address problems in an open forum. It is often viewed as a positive experience. Conflict is often dealt with in an open and direct way; where problems occur they are frequently dealt with head on. What are the Chinese managers like in the eyes of the Westerners? 在西方管理人眼里，中国管理者是怎样的？
我想许多欧洲的经理都认为中国人经常改变想法，行为中表现出前后矛盾。我觉得有些西方经理对中国的管理干部抱有偏见。有部分人认为中国人古板、不可靠。也常听到西方人说中国人缺乏专业知识和能力。当然，我们不可能任何时候都知道西方的最新标准，但我们做事情是快速而又效率的。
I think that many European managers view the Chinese managers as constantly changing their minds and being inconsistent in their actions. I sense that some Western managers have a prejudiced view of the Chinese management cadre. Some perceive the Chinese as inflexible and unreliable. Comments that the Chinese lack expertise and competence are also common. Clearly we do not always know the latest Western standards but we can be very quick and dynamic.
And in the eyes of the Chinese managers, what are the Western managers like? 那么，在中国管理者眼中，西方管理者是怎样的？
在制定和完成决策方面，西方的经理在中国的老板眼里总是笨拙缓慢的。中国的老板不理解为什么西方的老板还要经过协商并向其总部汇报。这种做法通常被认为是缓慢的官僚作风。中国的经理认为西方的经理只说不做。学会理解这些差异在某种程度上能帮忙我们明白事理。说到底，不管站在哪个角度来看，都不能说是对或错，只能说各有不同。
Indeed Western managers can be seen by Chinese bosses as slow and cumbersome in making and carrying out decisions. The Chinese boss cannot understand why the Western boss has to consult and collaborate and report back to HQ. This is often viewed as slow and bureaucratic. You hear managers in China saying that Western bosses talk too much and don’t take decisions. At the end of the day neither perspective is right or wrong but rather just different. Learning to understand these differences goes some way to helping us understand the issues. Section2二, 英汉
Good morning! I want to thank Frank Clegg and Microsoft Canada for bringing us all together for this second summit on business leadership issue, and particularly for giving us the opportunity to discuss the issue of innovation. 早上好！谢谢弗兰克·克莱格和微软加拿大邀请我们大家一起参加第二届商业领导力峰会，尤其感谢他们提供给了我们一个机会聚在一起，共同讨论创新的话题。
In the 19th century, railroads were the big innovation. Perhaps nothing matched their economic impact until the advent of the personal computer. But some of you may wonder what a railroader has to say about innovation in the 21st century.
19世纪，铁路在革新方面迅猛发展，在个人计算机技术问世之前，它对经济所产生的影响或许无与伦比。但是也许你们中的有些人会想，到了21世纪，如果再谈创新，铁路经营者又有何看法呢？ My message is that no enterprise needs to be more innovation than an established business in a mature industry. 我的演讲主题是，在已经发展成熟的行业里，一家基业已定的公司比其他任何公司都需要更多的创新。
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