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2012高中英语同步导学 5.1练习 外研版必修1 （新课标全国卷I）
(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．He studied hard every day，________the exam. A．aim at passing B．aiming at passing C．aiming passing D．aim to passing 解析： 句意为：他每天刻苦学习，目的是想通过考试。aim at目的是……，其后接doing。 答案： B
2．Owing to lack of enough markets，investment and manpower，the company had to________its business.
A．contact B．contract C．disappear D．avoid
解析： 句意为：由于缺乏足够的市场、投资和人力，这家公司不得不缩小它的经营范围。contact联系；contract (使)收缩；disappear消失；avoid避免。
答案： B
3．Hearing that I had won the first prize in the English competition，I felt a ________of excitement and surprise.
A．mixture B．connection C．increase D．sign
解析： 句意为：听到我在英语竞赛中得了第一名，我觉得又兴奋又惊奇。此句要用mixture表示“混合物”；connection联系；increase增加；sign迹象，标志。
答案： A
4．Two fifths of the highway________so far. A．has been completed B．was completed C．have been completed D．has completed
解析： 分数在此指代的是the highway，与complete之间在逻辑上是被动关系，由so far可知用现在完成时。
答案： A
5．A child’s vocabulary can________through reading. A．extend B．spread C．wide D．expand 解析： 根据空前的“can”情态动词，可排除C项。extend指时间、空间的延伸；spread传播，扩散；expand膨胀，扩大，增加。句意为：孩子的词汇量是可通过阅读得到扩大的。
答案： D
6．The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather________the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A．added to B．resulted from C．turned out D．made up
解析： 句意为：轮船的发动机失灵了，恶劣的天气更增加了海上船员们的无助。add to增加，增添；result from由于；turn out结果是，证明是；make up构成，弥补。
答案： A
7．Don’t________oil________the fire. A．devote；to B．lead；to C．add；to D．contribute；to
解析： 句意为：不要火上浇油了。devote...to...为……付出……；lead...to致使，诱使；add...to...往……上添加……；contribute sth.to sb.给某人捐助/提供某物；给某人投稿。
答案： C
8．Though he is a(n) ________worker，he works very hard. A．normal B．ordinary
C．usual D．general
解析： 句意为：虽然他是一个普通工人，但他工作很努力。an ordinary worker一个普通工人。
答案： B
9．People are bombarded (轰炸) with information________magazines and TV advertising.
A．in form of B．in the form of C．with form of D．in a form of
解析： 句意为：人们受到以杂志和电视广告形式出现的信息的轰炸。in the form of“以……的形式”为固定短语。
答案： B
10．His________is to become a doctor because his mother is often ill. A．enjoyment B．aim C．encouragement D．occupation
解析： aim目的，目标，符合题意。enjoyment享受，乐趣；encouragement鼓励，激励；occupation职业。
答案： B
11．—What’s the manager’s________to your suggestion? —I don’t know.He remains silent. A．reaction B．interview C．relationship D．summary 解析： reaction反应，常与介词to连用。interview面试；relationship关系；summary总结，摘要，此三项均不能与to构成搭配。
答案： A
12．—I wonder if you saw the new TV play directed by Zhang Yimou，which is said to be________great fun.
—No，I have been busy repairing the broken office________all these days. A．a；equipment B．the；equipments C．/；equipment D．/；equipments
解析： fun为不可数名词，前面不可与a/an连用；equipment也为不可数名词，没有复数。
答案： C
13．—Have you got in touch with Tom?
—Oh，sorry.I couldn’t________his phone number at that time. A．think out B．think about C．think of D．think over
解析： 句意为：我当时想不起他的电话号码了。想起；想到用think of。 答案： C
14．Don’t throw your clothes about.Put them________. A．in public B．in peace C．in need D．in order
解析： put...in order把……放整齐，为固定搭配，符合题意。in public当众，公开；in peace安静，宁静；in need需要。
答案： D
15．The coat you wear now is the same________I bought yesterday. A．like B．that C．which D．as
解析： 考查the same...as...的用法，“和……一样”，as引导定语从句，在从句中作bought的宾语。
答案： D Ⅱ.阅读理解
Are you tired？Do you often catch colds and flu？If so，you might consider changing your sleep habits.Good health demands good sleep.Studies have shown that most people need eight hours of sleep each night.Americans，however, on average, get only seven hours.One-third of us get just six hours，and good health is not simply a matter of how much sleep you get，but also the type of sleep you get.
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep allows your body to grow and repair itself.During NREM sleep，your muscles relax.Your heart rate and breathing rate decrease.Your eyes roll slowly back and forths then they stop moving.Most of the sleeping you do is NREM sleep.
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep restores your brain.During REM sleep，you dream.You may not remember every dream，but every time you sleep，you dream.Your eyes move back and forth quickly.Your breathing rate and heartbeat increase.Your muscles become paralysed (麻痹的)．About 25 percent of your sleep is REM sleep.You need enough of both kinds of sleep to be healthy.
Is it a real concern if you don’t get enough good sleep？It certainly is.Poor sleep puts you and others at risk.More than 100,000 car accidents are caused each year by drivers who nod off (打盹)．Almost $100 billion is lost yearly in the business and environmental field.People deprived_of sleep have been factors in the Challenger space tragedy，the Exxon Valdez oil spill (溢出)，and the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident.So do yourself and everyone around you a favour.Don’t cheat yourself out of good sleep!
1. This passage is mainly about________. A．why people dream
B．what happens during REM sleep C．why people catch colds and flu D．the importance of sleep
解析： 文章第一段讲述了健康与睡眠的时长和类型有关，文章第二、三段介绍了两种睡眠方式，最后一段说明睡眠不足所带来的害处，因此全文的中心是睡眠的重要性，故答案选D项。
答案： D
2．Most sleep at night is________. A．NREM sleep B．REM sleep
C．good quality sleep
D．sleep that makes you become paralysed
解析： 根据第二段最后一句“Most of the sleeping you do is NREM sleep“可以得出答案。
答案： A
3．“Good sleep” can be described as________.
A．getting about eight hours of the two types of sleep B．sleeping soundly through the night
C．getting more than seven hours of sleep each night D．having sleep that prevents accidents
解析： 由第一段第四句”Studies have shown that most people need eight hours of sleep each night”，和第二段最后一句“You need enough of...to be healthy”可知，好的睡眠要两种睡眠方式，故A项正确。
答案： A
4．To help the readers understand the effects of poor sleep habits，the
writer________.
A．explains the two types of sleep B．compares the two kinds of sleep C．mentions several disasters D．explains all the risks
解析： 文章通过最后一段“the Challenger space tragedy，the Exxon Valdez oil spill，and the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident”这几个灾难，让读者了解到睡眠不好所带来的不良影响。
答案： C 5．The underlined phrase “deprived of” in the last paragraph means “________”． A．not wanting B．stopped from having C．trying to get D．asking for
解析： 文章最后一段主要是说明睡眠不足所带来的危害，由此推断“People deprived of sleep”应该是指睡眠不足的人，故正确答案为B项。
答案： B
There are many differences between British English and American English.I used to teach a course about the differences between the two.We speak English on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean but we have many differences in our common language.We have examples of the same words having very different meanings，differing spellings of the same words as well as completely different words for the same things.Here are some examples.
A cookie in the US is called a biscuit in the UK.A biscuit in the US is a small cake in the UK.Crisps in the UK，are known as chips，but we British people eat a plate of chips that you call fries in the US.In the UK，a pie can be made from either meat or fruit，while in the US pies are normally made from fruit；pot pies are made from meat.Most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the US，not pounds and ounces.
One very obvious (明显的) difference is the side of the road we each choose to drive on.Petrol in the UK is gas in the US.The place where we fill up our cars，in the UK，is a garage；while in the US，it’s a gas station.The term garage is also used as a place to store your car next to or close by your house.In the UK we call a lorry what is known as a truck in the US.
An elevator in the US is called a lift here，and the first floor in the US，is called the ground floor here，so many visitors get off on the wrong floor in British hotels.
I could continue with this.There are countless examples of differences within our one shared language.With so many differences，no wonder it’s hard to understand each other well.
[语篇解读] 本文论述了美国英语和英国英语在词汇方面的差别。
6．The passage is mainly about the differences between British English and American English in________.
A．vocabulary B．grammar C．sound D．spelling
解析： 主旨大意题。阅读文章可知本文主要是论述美式英语和英式英语在词汇方面的差别。
答案： A
7．It’s implied in the passage that the author may be________. A．a driver from the US B．a cook from the US C．a teacher from the UK D．a gas station worker from the UK
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句I used to teach a course about the differences between the two可推出作者可能当过老师。
答案： C
8．In the author’s opinion，________.
A．language differences don’t affect understanding B．the same words in the two different types of English may have different spellings C．there will be fewer differences between American and British English in the future
D．it is impossible that some Americans get off on the wrong floor in British hotels
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段We have examples of the same words having very different meanings，differing spellings of the same words可知B正确。
答案： B
9．What can we learn from the passage?
A．“Elevator” is commonly used in the UK.
B．Pies mean the same thing in the UK and the US.
C．In the UK，things are measured in pounds and ounces.
D．British and American people drive on the same side of the road.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段Most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the US，not pounds and ounces可知C正确。
答案： C
10．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage? A．Petrol in the UK is gas in the US. B．Fries in the US are chips in the UK.
C．A cookie in the US is a biscuit in the UK.
D．A gas station in the UK is a garage in the US.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段The place where we fill up our cars，in the UK，is a garage；while in the US，it’s a gas station可知D项错误。
答案： D