发布时间 : 星期四 文章牛津译林版八年级下册8BUnit1- Unit4期中复习梳理更新完毕开始阅读
现在完成时 主语+has/ have +动词过去分词
7．现在完成时与一般过去时用法异同 1. 相同点：
两个时态都表示一个在过去完成的动作。
2. 不同点：
现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况；
一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。
e.g.: Who opened the door?
谁开的门？(只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。) Who has opened the door?
谁把门开了？(强调门现在依然还开着。) 【典例讲解】
例1: --Tom, Can I borrow your magazine? --Sorry, I _____it to Mary.
A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend
例2: I left my pen in the desk and now it's gone, who ______it?
A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken
8．延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
（1）现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。
如：翻译：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。 误：I have already borrowed the book for over two weeks. 正：I have already kept the book for over two weeks.
（2）非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。
如：come—be here；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时形式 borrow keep She has kept this book for three
weeks.
leave be away They have been away from
home for two days.
arrive/reach/get/move be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong
for a month.
come/go be in/at My mum has been in Beijing
for two months.
begin/start be on The film has been on for an
stop/finish/end die join
be over be dead
be in/be a member of
become open close buy fall asleep catch a cold fall ill get married get up come back go out
be be open be closed have be asleep have a cold be ill
be married be up be back be out
hour.
The meeting has been over for two hours.
The lamb has been dead for some time.
Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.
How long has your sister been a teacher?
The shop has been open for ten hours.
The market has been closed since 2010.
He has had this motorcycle for two years.
The dog has been asleep for several hours.
How long have you had a cold? Mike has been ill for ten years. They have been married for fifteen years.
They have been up for two hours.
The lost cat has been back since last night.
The old man has been out since last Friday.
【易错点拨】
补充强调一下，非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。 9．since和 for 的用法区别和联系 (1)since的用法
A. since后可加时间点例：They have been here since last week.
B. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时
例：They have learned English since they were 10 years old.
(2)for的用法：for后加一段时间。They have learned English for ten years. (3)since 和 for 用法的相互转换：for +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ago
They have learned English for ten years. = They have learned English since ten years ago. (4)对since和for的提问用how long。如： --How long have you been in Nanjing? --For three years. / Since three years ago.
【典例讲解】
用for, since, ago填空。
1. Sally has been away from London ________ last Saturday.
2. Our school has changed a lot ________ the new building was built. 3. Tommy has had this motorcycle ________ three years. 4. I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.
5. My parents has been married since twenty years ________. 6. My cousin joined the army three months ________.
10．have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别 （1）have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。如： The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.
（2）have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。如： ---Where is your uncle? --- He has gone to the supermarket. （3）have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。如：
【典例讲解】
用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back, do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once.
11．动词的过去分词的用法
规则动词的过去分词的构成
1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如：
work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited 2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如：
close→closed like→liked agree→agreed move→moved 3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如：
study→studied carry→carried try→tried worry→worried
4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如： stop→stopped drop→dropped
不规则动词的过去分词的构成
1. 有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如：
put→put hurt→hurt become→become run→run
2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如：
sit→sat win→won hold→held 3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如：
lend→lent spend→spent send→sent 4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如： keep→kept sleep→slept
5. 过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如： teach→taught buy→bought
6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如： say→said pay→paid 7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如： give→given eat→eaten 12．since 和for用法区别
(1)since的用法：①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008. ②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时。
(2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。 【拓展】
since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。
例：1.They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten years
2.We have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago.
3.I have had a cold _______ last Saturday, I have had a cold ______ 5 days. I have had a cold ______ 5 days ago.
所以：______ 5 days= ______ 5 days ago
【典例讲解】
例1： I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.
A. for B. since C. from D. on
例2：Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _____ us English. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach
【例题精讲】
例1．-- Have you decided _______ to Beijing, the capital of China? --Yes. I’ll go there by plane. It’s faster than by train. A. when to go B. how to go C. who to go