发布时间 : 星期六 文章2019年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编：专题11 自主命题省份阅读理解更新完毕开始阅读
专题11 自主命题省份阅读理解
一、2019年高考真题
1、【2019江苏卷】请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge,
2
especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking Introduction ? Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two ①___________ of human beings. The ②___________ of large human brains ? The larger brains may not be better because of the cost. ? The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy. ? The animal brain requires less ③___________ when the body is at rest. ? Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles. The ④___________ of walking upright ? Walking upright makes it easy to find food or ⑤___________ against enemies. ? Freed hands can serve some ⑥___________ purpose and perform complex tasks. ? Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and ⑦___________ the size of brains.
? Walking upright results in ⑧___________ sufferings. Conclusion ? With a large brain, human beings ⑨___________ other beings in terms of intelligence. ? Weak and marginal, human beings remained ⑩___________ of meat-eating animals.
2、【2019天津卷】阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Haze Mabry,who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years,walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans,wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday,after he arrived at the school,instead of finding garbage to clean up,he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade
cards,blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway,some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. \children,\
On a regular day,students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school,but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith,who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria,and Lucy,who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag(夸耀)on himself,but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is,he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him,he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building,\Lori Gilreath,a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students,cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday,so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend,he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze,you are my sunshine.” 1.What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper?(no more than 5 words) 2.How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday?(no more than 15 words) 3.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean?(1 word) 4.Why is Mabry's presence at the school important?(no more than 10 words) 5.Who is the \
二、2019届全国各名校模拟试题
3、【江苏省南京市六校联合体2019届高三上学期12月联考英语试卷】请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
“Whatever your job is, the chances are that one of these machines can do it faster or better than you can.”
As innovation accelerates, thousands of jobs will disappear, just as it has happened in the previous cycles of industrial revolutions. Machines powered by narrow AI algorithms can already perform certain 3-D tasks (“dull, dirty and dangerous”) much better than humans. This may create enormous pain for those who are losing their jobs over the next few years, particularly if they don't acquire the computer-related skills that would enable them to find more creative opportunities. We must learn from the previous waves of creative destruction if we are to lessen human suffering and increasing inequality.
For example, some statistics indicate that as much as 3% of the population in developed countries work as drivers. When automated cars become a reality in the next 15 to 25 years, we must offer people who will be “structurally unemployed” some sort of compensation income, training and re-positioning opportunities.