发布时间 : 星期四 文章语言学导论部分考研真题更新完毕开始阅读
3. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study. (2006) 4. The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph. (2006) 5. Semantics is the main part of linguistics. (2006)
IV. Complete each statement with the best choice out of the four options.
1. The term ____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. (2006)
A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative 2. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be ____. (2006)
A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistics C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic
3. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _____. (2006) A. semantics B. pragmatics C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics
北京师范大学
I. Define the following terms. 1. langue (2004) 2. parole (2004)
II. Try to discuss as many as possible the design features of human language. (2004)
III. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms. 1. synchronic and diachronic studies of language (2005)
IV. What are the design features of language? Please explain them with examples. (2005)
北京外国语大学
I. Explain the following terms briefly. 1. morpheme (2004) 2. langue (2010) 3. phoneme (2010)
II. Answer the following questions.
1. Who proposed the distinction between competence and performance? What is the significance of this distinction in linguistic studies? (2004)
2. How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguistic system? (2010)
大连外国语学院
I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true and F if they are false. 1. Parole is the actual use of speaking by the members of a community. (2004) 2. Parole is the actual phenomena or data of utterances. (2003)
3. Linguistics is generally defined as a scientific study of a particular language. (2003) 4. Synchronic linguistics refers to approach which studies language over various
periods of time and at various historical stages. (2003)
5. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative. (2004)
6. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. (2004)
7. The metalingual function of language enables human beings to talk about the language itself. (2004)
II. Fill in the following blanks.
1. One of the design features termed as _____ means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events, and concepts which are present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. (2003)
2. It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at least five parameters, namely, phonologic, ______, syntactic, semantic, and ______. (2003)
3. The basic functions of language are: informative, _____, ______, ______, phatic, recreational and metalingual. (2003)
III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
1. ______ means language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. (2003) A. Duality B. Assimilation C. Displacement D. Context IV. Answer the following questions.
1. Why is competence and performance an important distinction in linguistics? (2003)
武汉大学
I. Explain and exemplify the following terms. 1. duality (2007)
II. Briefly answer the following questions.
1. What are linguistic competence and communicative competence? (2007)
厦门大学
1. What are the differences between prescriptivism and descriptivism in linguistic study? (2007)
提示：The distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and describing how things are. A linguistics study is descriptive if it describes and analyzes facts observed; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. The former is about what language is like and the latter is about what language should be like.
To say that linguistics is a descriptive science is to say that the linguist tries to discover and record the rules to which the members of language community actually conform and do not seek to impose upon them other rules, or norms, of correctness, which are in the scope of prescriptive linguistics.
2. Please use examples to illustrate the functions of language. (2007)
四川大学
I. State in one sentence for each term, what you understand about the following
terms.
1. productivity (design feature of language) (2007) 2. phatic function of language(2007) 3. descriptive study of linguistics (2007)
II. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each.
1. How is the relation between sound and meaning classified? (2007) 提示：Sound and meaning are in fact related arbitrarily. That is to say, there is actually no natural relationship between a linguistic sign and its meaning.
But language is not absolutely arbitrary, the relation between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of convention.
Duality means the language’s property of having two levels of structures: the system of sounds, which is the meaningless level of the language system, and the system of meanings.
The sound system of a language contains a limited number of meaningless discrete sound segments that can be used again and again in various combinations to form units of meaning. The meaning system allows the meaningful units to be arranged in an infinite number of ways according to both syntactic and semantic rules to express meanings.