发布时间 : 星期一 文章电梯基础知识-2014 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读
Button inside car: buttons inside car are operated by the driver. Lift only accepts command inside car; landing call button can only light up indicators inside car (or start alarm), can not stop or operate lift.
1-2-5-3 信号控制电梯 Signal-controlled lift
这是一种自动控制程度较高的有司机电梯。除具有自动平层，自动开门功能外，尚具有轿厢 命令登记，层站召唤登记，自动停层，顺向截车和自动换向等功能。司机只要将需要停站的 层楼按钮逐一按下，再按下启动按钮，电梯就自动关门运行。在这中间，司机只需操纵起动 按钮，一直到预先登记的指令全部执行完毕。在运行中，电梯能被符合运行方向的层站召唤 信号截停。采用这种控制方式的常为有司机客梯。
It is a highly automated lift with driver. Besides having automatic leveling and door-opening, it has such functions as command register, landing call register, automatic landing, on- the-way stop and automatic return. Just pressing the desired floor buttons one by one and start-up button, the driver can make the lift close the door and operate.
1-2-5-4 集选控制电梯 Collective selective control lift
是一种在信号控制基础上发展起来的全自动控制的电梯。与信号控制的主要区别在于能 实现无司机操纵。其主要特点是：把轿厢内选层信号和各层外呼信号集合起来，自动决 定上、下运行方向，顺序应答。这类电梯需在轿厢上设置称重装置，以免电梯超载。轿 门上需设有保护装置，防止乘客出入轿厢时被轧伤。
Evolving from signal control lift, collective selective control lift is fully automatic. Compared with the former, it can achieve driverless control. Its main characteristic is the combination of car call and landing call, so as to automatically control upward and downward movement, and sequent response. Load-weight device should be installed in the car to avoid overload. Also protection device is needed on the car door to protect passengers against body injury during getting in and out from the car.
集选控制又分为全集选（双向）控制和上或下（单向）集选控制。全集选控制的电梯，无 论在上行或下行时，全部应答层站的召唤指令。而单向集选，只能应答层站一个方向 （上或下）的召唤信号。一般下集选控制方式用得较多，如住宅楼内。
Collective selective control is classified into whole (two-way) and upward or downward
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(one-way) collective selective control. In the mode of whole collective selective control, lift will respond to all landing calls no matter in upward or downward movement. In the mode of one-way collective selective control, lift will only respond to landing call from upward or downward. Generally speaking, collective selective control downward is used more frequently, for instance, for residential building.
1-2-5-5 并联控制电梯 Parallel control lift
2～3台电梯的控制线路并联起来进行逻辑控制，共用层站外召唤按钮，电梯本身都具有集 选功能。
PLC is executed through parallel circuit for the control of two to three lifts, with landing call button shared. Lift has collective selective function.
两台并联集选控制组成的电梯，基站设在大楼的底层，当一台电梯执行指令完毕后，自动返 回基站。另一台电梯在完成其所有任务后，就停留在最后停靠的层楼作为备用梯，准备接受 基站以上出现的任何指令而运行。基站梯可优先供进入大楼的乘客服务，备用梯主要应 答其他层楼的召唤。当重新出现召唤指令时，备用梯首先应答、启动、运行。当备用梯 运行后方出现召唤信号时，则基站梯接受信号启动出发。基站梯和备用梯不是固定不变 的，而是跟据运行的实际情况确定。备用梯也有可能在执行轿厢内乘客的指令后停留在 基站，优先应答基站召唤。
For two lifts with parallel collective selective control, since home landing is on the bottom of the building, after one lift has executed command, it will return to the home landing as home landing lift. Finishing all tasks, the other lift will dwell in the latest landing as a stand-by lift to wait for further command from landings above the home landing. Receiving call command, the stand-by lift will respond, start up and run. If any call gives out after the operation of the stand-by lift, the home landing lift will receive the call and start. Home landing lift and stand-by lift are changeable according to actual circumstances. Stand-by lift can also park in the home landing after executing commands from passengers in the car, responding to home landing preferably.
三台并联集选组成的电梯，有两台电梯作为基站梯，一台为备用梯。运行原则类同于两台 并联控制电梯。
For three lifts with parallel collective selective control, two of them will serve as home
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landing lifts, with the remaining one as stand-by lift. Operation principle is same as that of two lifts.
1-2-5-6 群控电梯 Group control lifts
群控是用微机控制和统一调度多台集中并列的电梯。群控可以有：
Group control lifts are several lifts controlled and coordinated by computer.
1-2-5-6-1 梯群的程序控制 控制系统按预先编制好的交通模式程序集中调度和控制。如将 一天中客流分成上行客流量高峰状态，客流量平衡状态，下行客流量高峰状态，上行客流 量较下行大的状态，下行客流量较上行大的状态，空闲时的客流量状态。电梯在工作中， 按照当时客流情况，以轿厢的负载、层站的召唤频繁程度，运行一周的时间间隔等为依据， 自动选择或人工变换控制程序，如在上行高峰期，对电梯实行下行直驶控制等。 Program control: Coordination and control are made through programmed traffic mode. For instance, passenger flow in one day is classified into the following statuses: upward peak traffic, balanced traffic, downward peak traffic, upward traffic flow more than downward traffic flow, downward traffic flow more than upward traffic flow, idle traffic. For lift in service, based on passenger flow, car load, landing call frequency, running interval for one week, it is possible to select automatic or manual control program, for instance, during upward peak traffic, downward running with non-stop is possible for lift.
1-2-5-6-2梯群智能控制电梯 智能控制电梯有数据的采集、交换、存储功能，还有进行 分析、筛选、报告的功能。控制系统可以显示出所有电梯的运行状态，同过专用程序可 分析电梯的工作效率、评价电梯的服务水平。计算机根据当前的客流情况，自动选择最 佳的运行控制程序。最新研制出的大楼管理系统，包括了大楼中所有服务设备，如锅炉、 暖通、空调、电梯的群控和管理的智能化系统。
Intelligence controlled lift: It has such functions as data collection, data exchange, saving, analysis, screening and report. Control panel can display operation status of all lifts； lift-specific program can analyze lift efficiency and evaluate lift service quality. Based on current passenger flow, computer can select optimum operation control program. The latest developed building management system includes all service facilities, such as
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boiler, heating system, air-conditioning system, group control and management intelligence system.
1-2-6 按曳引机有无减速机分类
Classified by traction machine with or without geared machine
1-2-6-1 有齿轮电梯 电梯曳引轮的转速与电动机的转速不相等（电动机转速大于曳引轮转速） 中间有涡轮蜗杆减速机或齿轮减速机（行星齿轮、斜齿轮）。一般电梯的额定速度≤2m/s。 traction machine with geared machine: The speed of traction machine is not equal to that of motor (the speed of motor is more than that of traction machine.). There a worm geared machine or gearless machine (star gear, slanting gear). Normally rated speed of lift is ≤2m/s.
1-2-6-2 无齿轮电梯 电梯曳引轮转速与电动机转速相等，中间无涡轮蜗杆减速机或齿轮减速机。对于此类电梯，要求电动机具有低转速、大转矩特性。电梯的额定速度≥2m/s。
Gearless lift: The speed of traction machine is equal to that of motor. There is no worm geared machine or gearless machine. For such lifts, the motor should be of low speed, big torque, with rated speed equal to or more than 2m/s.
1-2-7按机房位置分类
Classified by machine room position
1-2-7-1 上置式机房 机房在井道的顶部；
Upper-arranged machined room: machine room is arranged one the top of the well.
1-2-7-2 下置式机房 机房在井道的底部；
Lower-arranged machine room: machine room is arranged at the bottom of the well.
1-2-7-3 侧置式机房 机房在距离井道50m以内的任何地方；
Side-arranged machine room: machine room is arranged anyplace within 50 meters from the well.
1-2-7-4 无机房电梯 曳引机在轿厢的顶部或在井道上方的导轨上，不需要机房。 Lift without machine room: traction machine is arranged on the top of the car or guide rail above the well; no machine room is needed.
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