发布时间 : 星期五 文章大学英语四级考试作文指导更新完毕开始阅读
否用词有过多的重复。
第三篇 如何写好一个段落
一．英语段落的衔接与连贯
1． 内容上的连贯：
这里所说的连贯有两两层含义。一是指文章在内容上是连贯、统一的，文章中所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。就各段而言，其中的每一句话都要紧紧围绕着该段的主题句进行，不能说与主题句无关的东西。
Sports benefit us in many respects. (1) When taking part in sports, we get the chance to train almost all parts of our body. There is no doubt that properly balanced physical activities keep us physically fit. (2) Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological health. (3) Through participation, everyone can learn that on the playing field he not only competes for himself but also for his team. Sports teach us about consideration, cooperation and optimism, and how to cope with difficulties.
第一句是本段的主题句，接下来作者从体育运动对身体的好处说了两句，第四句讲述体育运动对心理方面的益处，第五句从团队的方面加以论述，最后一句既是论据，同时也是对前面三点的概括。全段没有一句话脱离主题句。
2. 连贯的第二层含义指的是表达上的连贯。文章的段落之间、段落中各句子之间要有一定的衔接。 段落结构和句与句之间的衔接应遵照一定的顺序; 段落之间的连接也应符合逻辑。这样使文章连贯紧凑，自然流畅，层次分明，脉络清晰。
The weather has been changeable. On Sunday we had a high wind that blew down some trees. Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear winter coats. And it remained gloomy the next day. To our pleasure, by Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out. But Thursday tuned out to be as hot and humid as an August day. Worse still, it began to rain this morning, and it looks as if we’ll l have a cold, steady wind for a few days. 时间上的连接（时间顺序）为蓝色部分引导；
表达上和意义上的连贯为红色部分引导。表达上的连贯常用代词或有意地重复手段和是使用关联词语（或叫语义连接语）或一些修辞上的手法(如排比句或比喻等)。
二． 段落的展开方法
1. 列举法和举例法
列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想, 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。
Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at night, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.
列举的模式通常是
主题句 ----example 1
----example 2 ----example 3 …
举例常用表达方式： for example, for instance, such as, like, as proof, thus, take?as a good example, a case in point is that …, to illustrate
列举： first(1y)，second(1y)，third(1y)，then，next，last(1y)，finally，for one thing…for another表示添加：and，again，also，besides，moreover，furthermore, what’s more, in addition等词语.
Nonverbal communication or “body language” can be just as important to understanding as words are. Because Misunderstandings often amusing but sometimes serious — can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger食指. To an American, it means that everything is ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal. 2. 分类法
一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具
体地说明或解释。
There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library. First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages. These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file in the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks. Second, there are reference works. which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself. Third, there are periodicals – magazines, newspapers, pamphlets – which are filed alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library.
分类常用表达方式：to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third，most of all，next，moreover，in addition，besides，furthermore ?来表达。
常用句型：
Generally/broadly speaking, there are three kinds/types of … Sth. can be classified according to/depending on … Sth. can be classified on the basis of … Sth. can be divided / further divided into …
3. 因果关系
在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以证阐述的中心思想。 因果关系的模式通常是：
原因分析型：在主题句中先介绍某一事件，然后对该事件发生的1个或多个原因进行分析。
1） 主题句（结果） ---- 原因 1
---- 原因 2 ---- 原因 3
结果分析型：在主题句中先点明所要讨论的事件，然后分析已经或将要发生的结果。
2） ---- 原因 1
---- 原因 2
---- 原因 3 → （结果）主题句
3） 原因（1）→ （结果1 / 原因2）→ （结果2 / 原因3） →（结
果3）