精讲句子成分分析(附有练习) 打印版

发布时间 : 星期五 文章精讲句子成分分析(附有练习) 打印版更新完毕开始阅读

句子成分

(一) 定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

英语的基本成分有七种:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

1、 主语、谓语、宾语(或表语)、补语是句子的主要的成分,定语和状语是修饰成分。 2、 句子成分的知识是正确理解一个句子的重要基础,也是说出或写出一个正确句子的基础。

(二) 主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三) 谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. (四) 表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句) Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) - 5 -

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的

意义完整。

His father named him Dongming.(名词) They painted their boat white.(形容词) Let the fresh air in.(副词)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句) (七)定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中 常用‘…的’表示。

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) Two boys need two pens.(数词) The boy there needs a pen.(副词)

(八)状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式) He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait a minute.(名词) Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语) The boy you will know is Tom(定语从句) (九)同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. (名词) We all are students. (代词) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. (从句) Where did you get the idea that I could not come

(十)独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

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插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story,I think,has never come to the end.

情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然 练习

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 三、 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? 四、 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.

④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

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五、 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. ② What is your given name?

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 六、 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 七、挑出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books. ⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. ⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 八、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

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