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infrastructure指基础设施，尤指社会、国家赖以生存和发展的―基础设施‖，如道路、学校、电厂、交通、通讯系统等；用于军事则指―永久性基地，永久性防御设施‖，如：economic/social/transport infrastructure（经济/社会/运输基础设施） inhibit中的前缀IN-参见incarnation；HIBIT，也作HABIT，源自拉丁语，意为to have, to hold（exhibitionist, habit, habitation, habitual, prohibit），inhibit意为―抑止，约束；禁止，阻止‖，如：Taping the meeting would inhibit people from expressing their opinions.（给会议设限，为的是阻止与会者发表他们的见解。）
inimical中的IN-参见incarnation；IM，也作AM，源自拉丁语，意为to love，参见enamored；后缀-ICAL参见astronomical，inimical意为―有敌意的，敌视的（to）；不利的，有害的‖，如：Price controls are inimical to economic growth.（价格控制对经济成长不利。）
instrumental中的IN-参见incarnation；STRU，也作STRUCT，源自拉丁语，意为to put together, to put in order, to build or devise，例词参见infrastructure；后缀-MENT参见implement；后缀-AL参见bilingual，instrumental意为―仪器的，器械的，器具的；乐器（上）的，为乐器谱曲的，用乐器演奏的；作为手段的，作为工具的，有帮助的，起作用的‖等，如：Siegel was instrumental in creating the Las Vegas as it is today.（拉斯维加斯创造成今天的样子，曾有Siegel的帮助。）
intemperate中的IN-意为not，参见incarnation；TEMPER源自拉丁语，意为to moderate or keep within limits, to mix（temper, tempera, temperance, temperature, tempered）；后缀-ATE参见abbreviate，intemperate意为―无节制的，放纵的；过度的，激烈的；喝酒过度的，酗酒的；（气候等）酷烈的‖，如：Jim’s intemperate remarks led to a suspension from the team.（Jim的激烈言论导致了团队对他的停权处分。） intercession中的前缀INTER-表示―在…中‖，―在…间‖，―在…内‖，―相互‖（interact, intercity, interdependent, intermarry, international, internet）；CESS，也作CED, CEED，源自拉丁语，意为to go, to move, to yield（accede, accession, antecedent, concede, concession, exceed, excessive, intercede, precede, precedent, procedure, proceed, process, procession, processional, processor, recede, recession, recessional, succeed, success, successful, succession）；后缀-ION参见abstraction，intercession意为―调解，说情‖，用于宗教指―代人祈祷‖，如：She made an intercession to Tom for Jim.（她帮Jim跟Tom说情。）
internecine中的INTER-参见上文；NEC，也作NIC, NOX，意为killing, slaying，相关的词根NECRO/NECR，意为death, the death（necrology, necromancy, necrosis, noxious, pernicious）；后缀-INE参见aquamarine，internecine意为―自相残杀的，两败俱伤的；血腥的；（集团内部）相互冲突的‖，如：There had been internecine warfare in the Balkans.（巴尔干半岛曾有过血腥的战争。）
intrastate中的前缀INTRA-表示―内‖，―在内‖，―内部‖，主用用于构成学术用语（intracellular, intra-departmental, intramural, intranet, intravenous）；STAT，也作STA, STIT, STIN，源自拉丁语，意为to stand, to set（circumstance, constable, constancy, constant, constituency, constituent, constitute, constitution, distance, distant,
establish, establishment, estate, extant, install, instate, interstate, obstacle, obstinacy, obstinate, reinstate, stabilize, stable, stage, stagnant, stagnate, stagnation, stall,
stance, stand, standard, standardize, standing, stanza, stasis, state, station, stationary, statue, statuesque, status, statute, stay, substance, substantial, substitute,
substitution, superstition, superstitious, thermostat, unstable），intrastate意为―州内的‖，尤指美国的一州内的，如：intrastate phone calls（周内通话）
introduce中的前缀INTRO-表示―在内‖，―向内‖（introspect, introvert）；DUC，也作DUCT，源自拉丁语，意为to lead（abduct, abduction, conducive, conduct, conductor, deduce, deduction, deductive, duchess, duct, ductile, duke, induce, induction,
inductive, introduction, produce, product, production, productive, reduce, reduction, reproduce, reproduction, reproductive, seduce, seduction, seductive, viaduct），introduce意为―引导，带领；介绍；使开始经验/体验；推广，采用，引进；提出（议案等）；以…作为文章、讲话的开头；插入；开始‖，如：Slovenia introduced its own currency shortly after independence.（斯洛文尼亚在独立后不久就使用自己的货币了。）/ The technique was introduced to this country from America.（这一技术是从美国引进到这个国家的。）
intuition中的前缀IN-参见incarnation；TUIT，也作TUI, TUT，源自拉丁语，意为to guide, guard, or teach（tuition, tutee, tutelage, tutor, tutorial）；后缀-ION参见abstraction，intuition意为―直感，直觉知识，直感事物‖，如：Much of what doctors do is based largely on intuition.（医生做的很多判断大部分基于直觉。）
irregular中的前缀IR-用于以r开头的单词，表示：1.―不‖，―非‖（irreplaceable, irresponsible）；2.―进入‖，―在内‖（irrigation, irruption）；REG，也作RECT，源自拉丁语，意为straight, right, to rule, king（correct, correction, direct, direction, director, erect, rectangle, rectify, regal, regalia, regency, regent, regicide, regime, regiment, region, regional, regular, regularity, regulate, regulation）；后缀-ULAR用于构成形容词，表示―…的‖，―似…的‖（crevicular, circular, muscular），irregular意为―不规则的，无规律的；非正规的，非正式的，法律上无效的；不合常规的，不正当的；不整齐的；参差不齐的；（语法）不规则变化的‖，美语中指―（商品）等外的，有小缺陷的‖，如：a jagged, irregular coastline（一段不规则的齿状海岸线）/ Some weeks, I work long, irregular hours.（有几个星期，我的工作时间又长又没规律。）
jurisprudence中的JURIS，常作JUR，源自拉丁语，意为to swear or take an oath; right or law（abjure, injury, juror, jury, objurgate, perjury）；jurisprudence源自意为law knowledge或law experience的拉丁语词iurisprudentia，拉丁语词prudentia意为foreseeing; prudence, discretion, good sense；英语单词prudence即源自prudentia；prudent则源自拉丁语词prudens，prudens意为foreseeing; conscious, aware; skilled, skillful, experienced; prudent, discreet, sensible, intelligent. 英语单词jurisprudence指―法学，法理学‖；―法学的分支‖（如民法、刑法、行政法等）；―法律体系‖；―（民法中的）法院审判规程，判决录‖。例如：medical jurisprudence（法医学）
language中的LANGU，即LINGU，源自拉丁语，意为tongue, language（bilingual, lingo, lingual, linguistics）；后缀-AGE参见hostage，language意为―语言；语调，措词；语言，文风，文体；专门用语，术语；态度，立场‖等，俚语中指―粗话，骂人的话；粗话‖，如：Latin is a dead language.（拉丁语已经不再使用了。）/ Unfortunately, Jimmy was introduced to street language at an early age.（很遗憾的是，Jimmy年纪不大的时候就有人教他市井俚语。）
lucubration中的LUC源自拉丁语，意为light, to shine or glitter（elucidate, lucent, lucid, Lucifer, translucent）；lucubration派生自lucubrate，lucubrate借自意为work by lamplight的拉丁语词lucubrare，lucubrate意为―（在灯下）刻苦钻研；苦思冥想；学究式地写作；详细论述‖；lucubration为n.，即―（在灯下）刻苦钻研；苦思冥想；苦心孤诣之作‖，lucubrations常作戏谑语，指―学究气的作品‖，如：By the end of the semester our professor admitted that he wasn’t looking forward to reading through any more of our lucubrations on novels that no one enjoyed.（到了期末，教授向我们承认，他再也不希望拜读我们学究气十足的文章了，那些东西没人喜欢。）
ludicrous中的LUD，也作LUS，源自拉丁语，意为to play; play, game（allude, collusion, delusion, illusion, interlude, prelude）；ludicrous源自意为playful的拉丁语词ludicrus，ludicrous意为―可笑的，荒唐的‖，如：They want two million dollars for the house? That’s ludicrous.（他们要两百万才卖那座房子？太离谱了！） maintenance中的MAIN，常作MANU, MAN，有时也作MAND, MANI，源自拉丁语，意为hand（emancipate, emancipation, maintain, manacle, manage, management, mandate, mandatory, maneuver, manicure, manicure, manicurist, manifest, manipulate, manner, manual, manufacture, manuscript）；TEN，也作TENU, TIN, TAIN，源自拉丁语，意为to hold, to keep（abstinence, content, continence, continue, countenance, entertainment, extenuating, impertinent, incontinent, maintain, pertinacity, pertinent, retain, retention, sustenance, tenable, tenacious, tenant, tenuous），同时可参见attenuate, entertain；后缀-ANCE参见ambulance，maintenance意为―保持，维持，保养；保管，保存，维护，维修；支持的手段；坚持；主张；拥护，支持；扶养，供给；生活，生计‖等，用于法律指―对诉讼一方的非法援助‖或―依法应负的对他人的赡养义务‖。如：Do you know how much the maintenance of these buildings costs?（你知不知道养护这些楼房需要多少花费？）/ Our primary concern is the maintenance of discipline in the school.（我们首要关心的是学校里纪律的维持。）
malevolent中的MALE，即MAL，源自拉丁语，意为bad, badly（malady, malformation, malicious, malign, malnourished, malodorous, malpractice）；-VOLENT源自拉丁语词volens，volens意为willing, permitting, ready, favorable（benevolent），malevolent意为―有恶意的，坏心肠的，恶毒的，幸灾乐祸的‖，如：It’s a story of a malevolent ghost.（这是个恶鬼的故事。）
malnourished中的MAL意为bad, badly，参见上文；NOUR，也作NUTRI，源自拉丁语，意为to feed, to build up, to take care of, to promote等（nourish, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritious）；后缀-ED参见bespectacled，malnourished意为―营养不良的‖，如：There are many pale, malnourished children in the remote village.（在那个偏远的村子里有许多由于营养不良而脸色苍白的孩子。）
manacle中的MANA意为hand，参见maintenance；后缀-CLE，即-CULE，意为―小‖（animalcule, particle, poeticule, receptacle），manacle作n.，常用复数形式manacles，意为―手铐；束缚，约束‖；作vt.，意为―给…上手铐；束缚‖，如：They were led away with manacles on their hands.（他们戴上手铐被带走了。）
mandatory中的MAND意为hand，参见maintenance；后缀-ATORY表示―具有…特征的‖；―由…产生的‖（derogatory, laudatory, observatory, reconciliatory），mandatory
意为―命令的，训令的；委任的，委托的（upon）‖，美语中常意为―强迫的，义务性质的‖，如：The company’s mandatory retirement age is 65.（这个公司的强制退休年龄是65岁。）
manuscript中的MANU意为hand，参见maintenance；SCRIPT，也作SCRIB，源自拉丁语，意为to write, to draw（ascribe, circumscribe, circumscription, conscript, conscription, describe, description, inscribe, inscription, prescribe, prescription, scribble, scribe, script, scripture, subscribe, subscription, superscribe, superscript, transcribe, transcript, transcription），manuscript作adj.意为―手写的，手抄的‖；作n.意为―抄本；（著者的）原稿；手写‖，意为―原稿‖时可略作MS.，复数作MSS. 例句：All her original manuscripts were lost in the fire.（她的所有原始手稿遇到火灾都遗失了。）/ His works are still in manuscript.（他的作品还是手写稿。）
matriarch中的MATRI，也作MATER, MATR, METR，源自拉丁语，意为mother, womb（alma mater, maternal, maternity, matriarchy, matricide, matriculate,
matrilineal, matrimony, matrix, matron, metropolitan）；后缀-ARCH源自希腊语，意为chief, leader, ruler，则-ARCHY意为rule, government（anarchy, monarch, oligarchy, patriarch, patriarchism, polyarchy），matriarch意为―女家长，女族长‖，有时作为惯例用语或戏谑语，指―家长的妻子‖或―族长的妻子‖。
mellifluous中的MELLI，也作MEL，源自拉丁语，意为honey（melissa, melitemia, melliferous, mellow, melody, melon）；FLU，也作FLUCT，源自拉丁语，意为to flow，例词参见fluctuation；后缀-OUS参见analogous，mellifluous，也作mellifluent，意为（―话、声音等）甘美的，甜蜜的，流畅的‖，如：a mellifluous speech（甜言蜜语）/ a mellifluous voice（甜美的声音）
metallurgy中的METALL-或METAL-即metal，也作为构词成分，源自希腊语（metalide, metalliferous, metallography, metalloscope, metalloid, metalwork）；URG，也作ERG, ORG，源自希腊语，意为to work（energetic, energize, energy, organ, organic, organism, organization）；后缀-Y参见heterodoxy，metallurgy意为―冶金；冶金学；冶金术‖。
metaphysics中的META-，元音字母之前作MET-，源自希腊语，意为after, behind, change, transformation, situated behind（metabolism, metacarpus, metalanguage, metaphorical, metamorphosis, metastasis, metonymy）；PHYS-，也作PHYSI-, PHYSIO-，源自希腊语，意为nature, physical（physic, physique, physiognomy, physiography, physiotherapy）；后缀-ICS参见ecopolitics，metaphysics意为―形而上学，玄学；纯抽象的空论；空谈‖，作单数名词使用。
metropolis中的METRO-源自希腊语，意为mother，参见matriarch；POLIS，也作POLI, POLIT，源自希腊语，意为city（acropolis, cosmopolitan, geopolitical, megalopolis, metropolitan, police, policlinic, policy, political, politics, polity），metropolis意为―首都；（产业、艺术等的）中心；主要都市，都会‖，用于宗教指―大主教区‖，在希腊史中指―殖民地的母国‖，此外，在英国，the Metropolis指London.
microcosm中的MICRO-，元音字母之前作MICR-，源自希腊语，意为small, abnormally small, requiring or involving microscopy; one-millionth（microbe,