词根辨析

发布时间 : 星期四 文章词根辨析更新完毕开始阅读

的‖,ectopic常用于医学,意为―异位的‖,如:ectopic pregnancy/gestation(异位妊娠)/ ectopic rhythm(异位节律)

eligible中的前缀E-即EX-,参见上文;LIG,也作LEG, LECT,源自拉丁语,意为to read, to choose, to gather, to select(collection, college, diligent, elect, illegible, intellectual, lectern, legendary, predilection, selective);后缀-IBLE即-ABLE的另一形式,亦参见上文,eligible意为―有被选举资格的;适任的,合格的,适当的‖,俚语中意为―适龄的,年龄适当的‖,如:If you’re over 70, you’re eligible for a discount.(如果您的年龄超过70,那么您就可以享受折扣。)/ You’re eligible to vote when you turn 18.(只要一到18岁,就拥有投票资格了。)

enamored中的AM,也作IM,源自拉丁语,意为to love(amiable, amicable, amigo, inimical, paramour); 前缀EN-,加在字母p, b, m之前时作EM-,出现在单词中:1.加在名词之前表示―放进‖,―放在…上面‖,―走上‖,―赋予‖(encapsulate, encase, enrobe, enthrone, entrain, embus, empower);2.加在名词或形容词之前表示―使成…‖(endear, enslave, embolden);3.加在动词之前表示―在里面‖,―包住(‖endemic, enfold, entangle, enwrap);此外,EN-与IN-常可通用,但在美国日常用语中多用IN-,而在英国一般多用EN-(inquire/enquire, inclose/enclose);

后缀-OR在上文提到过,但还是表示动作、状态、性质的拉丁名词后缀,在英式英语中拼作-OUR(behavior/behaviour, favor/favour, labor/labour)。美语中,对意为―基督‖的Saviour普通仍作-OUR,但Savior有越来越多的人在用了,而对于glamour,其原字虽然不变,但也逐渐有略去u的倾向; 后缀-ED参见上文;

enamored意为―使迷恋的,使倾心的‖,如:Laura was never really of Paris.(劳拉从来就没对巴黎真正迷恋。)/ He tends to become enamored of pretty young woman.(他对漂亮的年轻女人变得倾心有加。) endemic中的DEM即DEMO,源自希腊语,意为people(demagoguery, democracy, demographic, epidemic, pandemic);前缀EN-及后缀-IC均参见上文,endemic,作adj.时也作endemical,意为―(动、植物)某些特产的,(风土人情的)某地/某民族特有的;地方病的‖;作n.意为―某地特产的植物/动物;地方病‖,如:Cholera was the endemic in Mexico in the 19th century.(在19世纪的墨西哥,霍乱是个地方病。)

enjoin中的EN-参见上文;JOIN独立成词,亦是词根,也作JUNCT, JUG,源自拉丁语,意为to join, to marry, to mate(adjunct, conjugate, disjunction, joint, juncture, subjunctive),enjoin意为―命令,吩咐;告诫,责成‖,美语中是个法律用语,意为―禁止‖,如:enjoin diligence on/upon students = enjoin students to be diligent(叮嘱学生们用功)

entertain源自古法语,其中的词根TAIN,也作TEN, TIN,源自拉丁语,意为to hold, to keep(abstain, contain, continent, detain, impertinence, maintenance, obtain, pertain, pertinacious, retainer, retentive, sustain, tenacity, tenure),entertain意为―招待,款待;使快乐;使感兴趣;怀抱(希望等),含有(感情等);容纳,接受,答应(请求等),愿意考虑‖,如:She still occasionally entertains her family with her violin playing.(她还是偶尔会为家人拉小提琴娱乐一番。)/Since last year, she’s been entertaining the idea of retiring.(从去年开始,她就有退休的想法。)

ephemeral中的EP,也作EPI,源自希腊语,意为upon, besides, attached to, over, outer, after(epicenter, epidermis, epiphenomenon, epiphyte, epitaph, epithet),ephemeral中的EP意为over;HEMER也源自希腊语,意为day;-AL参见上文,ephemeral作adj.意为―朝生暮死的;短命的,暂时的‖;作n.意为―生命短暂的事物;短生植物‖,如:ephemeral pleasures(短暂的快乐) / leaflets, handouts and other ephemeral materials(传单、小册子和其他能起到短暂宣传效果的材料)

epitaph中的EPI参见上文;TAPH源自希腊语,意为tomb或funeral,epitaph意为―墓志铭,墓志铭式的诗文‖,如:The great English architect Christopher Wren designed London's majestic St. Paul Cathedral, the site of his tomb and epitaph: ―Si monumantum requiris, circumspice‖ (―If you seek my monument, look around you‖).(伟大的英国建筑师Christopher Wren设计了庄严的伦敦圣保罗大教堂,他的墓也在这里,墓志铭写道:―如果你想找我的纪念碑,就看看周围‖。)

equanimity中的EQU-即EQUI-,源自拉丁语,意为equal, equally(equiangular, equivalent, equivocate);ANIM也源自拉丁语,意为spirit(animal, animated, animation, inanimate);-ITY参见affinity一词,equanimity意为―平静,沉着,镇定‖,如:She received the news with surprising equanimity.(她收到消息时出奇镇定。)

erratic中的ERR,源自拉丁语,意为to wander, to stray(error, aberrant, errant, erroneous);-ATIC为形容词后缀,意为―…的‖(Asiatic, dramatic),erratic作adj.意为―飘忽不定的;(行为等)古怪的,反常的;(心意、爱情等)怪僻的,反复无常的‖,用于天文学指―轨道无定的‖,用于地质学指―漂移性的‖,用于医学指―间断无定的‖;作n.意为―奇人,怪人;反复无常的人‖,用于地质学指―漂砾‖,如:The erratic winds made fighting the fire more difficult.(变化的风向使扑火变得更加困难。)

euphoria中的EU,源自希腊语,意为good, true(eugenic, eulogy, euphemism, evangelism);PHOR意为carry;-IA的用法:1.拉丁语或希腊语的名词后缀(dyslexia, hysteria, militia);2.国名后缀(Australia);3.希腊语或拉丁语名词的复数形式(marginalia, paraphernalia, regalia, suburbia);4.派生自人名的花名(dahlia, wisteria);5.动植物分类上的复数形式(Cryptomeria)。euphoria意为―幸福感;欣快,精神愉快‖,如:She was in a state of euphoria all day.(她整天都处在精神愉快的状态。)

evince中的E-即EX-,此处意为out of;VINC,也作VICT,源自拉丁语,意为to conquer, to overcome(invincible, provincial, victimize, victory);evince意为―表示;表明;显示‖,如:Michael has evinced little interest in the new network so far.(目前为止,迈克尔还没表现出对于新网络有什么兴趣。)

excise中的EX-意为out of;CIS,也作CIDE,源自拉丁语,意为to cut, to kill(circumcision, concise, decision, fratricide, fungicide, genocide, homicide, incisive, indecisive, infanticide, insecticide, matricide, patricide, precision);excise意为―删去(文章等);…切除‖,用于动物学、植物学指―在…上开槽,切开‖;excise另作名词,意为―(国产)货物税;消费税;(生产、贩卖)执照税‖,这一名词含义的动词excise意为―向…征收国产水税/消费税‖,如:Offensive scenes were excised from the film.(影片中会引起不快的镜头都被删除了。) execute中的EX-参见上文;ECUT为SECUT的缩略形式,SECUT也作SEC, SEQU,

源自拉丁语,意为to follow(consecutive, consequential, non sequitur, obsequious, second, sequel, sequential),execute意为―实行,实施,执行;履行;贯彻,完成;作成,制成(美术品等);奏(乐曲),演(剧);对…执行死刑,处决‖,如:The general was executed for war crime.(这个将军因为战争罪被处决。)

expropriate中的EX-参见上文;PROPRI,也作PROP,源自拉丁语,意为own(appropriate, property, proprietary, proprietor, propriety);后缀-ATE参见上文,expropriate意为―没收(财产等);征用(土地);让渡(所有权);把(他人财产)转到自己名下,把…据为己有;剥夺…的所有权‖,如:The police station is in a private home that the Communists expropriated in 1948.(警察局在一所1948年被共产党没收的私宅里。)

expunge中的EX-参见上文;PUNG,也作PUNC,源自拉丁语,意为to prick or stab或point(compunction, punctilious, punctual, punctuation, puncture, pungent),expunge意为―涂掉;删去;抹掉;消灭,除去(from)‖,如:Their criminal records were expunged in return for their testimony.(由于他们提供了证据,作为回报,他们的犯罪记录被删除了。)

extemporaneous中的EX-参见上文;TEMPOR源自拉丁语,意为time(contemporary, tempo, temporal, temporary, temporize);-ANEOUS为形容词后缀,意为―属于…的‖(extraneous, instantaneous, simultaneous, spontaneous, terraneous),

extemporaneous意为―临时作成的,脱口而出的,即席的;不用讲稿的,善于即席讲话的;临时的,权宜之计的‖,如:She made an extemporaneous speech on the ceremony.(她在典礼上做了一次即兴演讲。)

extramural中的EXTRA-意为outside, beyond(extracurricular, extralegal,

extramarital, extraordinary, extraterrestrial);MUR源自拉丁语,意为wall(mural);-AL参见上文,extramural意为―墙外的;城外的;大学外的;(非校队参加的)校际比赛的‖,如:extramural sports(校外运动)/ extramural hospital treatment((医)院外治疗)/ extramural teaching/courses(大学对外课程)

extrovert中的EXTRO-源自EXTRA-;VERT,也作VERS,源自拉丁语,意为to turn(adversity, aversion, converse, diversify, inadvertently, introvert, perversion,

subversive, transverse, universal, versatile, versus, vertebra, vertigo),extrovert可作n., adj., vt., vi.,意为―外向性格的人;外向性的;使成为外向性格;变成外向性格‖,如:Willie is a total extrovert who will talk to any stranger.(威利的性格外向的要命,随便一个陌生人他都聊。)

fluctuation中的FLUCTU,也作FLUCT/FLU,源自拉丁语,意为to flow(affluent, effluent, flow, fluent, fluid flume, mellifluous);-ATION参见上文,fluctuation意为―波动,起伏,涨落;脉动;动摇不定,踌躇‖,如:The plants are affected by fluctuations in temperature.(植物的生长受温度变化的影响。)

formality中的FORM源自拉丁语,意为shape或form(conform, format, formation, formative, formula);后缀-ALITY用于构成名词,表示―性质‖(abnormality, generality, morality),formality意为―拘泥形式,拘谨;礼节,俗套‖,复数形式formalities意为―正式手续‖,如:Jean and Bill will complete the adoption formalities this weekend.(简和

比尔这个周末就能办完孩子的过继手续。)/ We’ve already decided to hire you; the interview is just a formality.(我们已经决定录用你,面试只是个形式而已。) fragmentary中的FRAG,也作FRACT,源自拉丁语,意为to break or shatter(defray, fracas, fractional, fragile, fragmentation, frail, infraction, refraction, refrain);-MENT常常接在动词之后,偶尔接在形容词之后构成表示动作、结果、状态等的名词(atonement, achievement, arrangement, curtailment, development, employment, entertainment, government, management);-ARY参见anniversary,fragmentary意为―破片的,断片的;残缺不全的,不连续的‖,用于地质学指―碎屑质的,断岩的‖,如:She has only a fragmentary recollection of the house where she grew up.(她对于长大的房子只有断断续续的记忆。)

fungible中的FUNG,也作FUNCT,源自拉丁语,意为to perform, carry out, or undergo(functional, functionary, malfunction, perfunctory);-IBLE即-ABLE,参见上文,fungible作adj.意为―可代替的‖,用于法律指―可互换的‖,即―可用一物代替他物偿债的‖;作n.意为―(偿还债务时所用的)代替物‖。

genuflect中的GENU既是词根也独立成词,源自拉丁语,意为knee(genu, genuflection/genuflexion, genuflector);FLECT,也作FLEX,源自拉丁语,意为to bend(circumflex, deflect, flex, flexible, flexor, inflection, reflect, reflex),genuflect意为―屈膝,跪拜(尤指做礼拜时);屈服,屈从‖,如:Many pilgrims in China not only genuflect before religious shrines but also may lay themselves flat on the ground and light incense as well.(许多中国的朝圣者不但会在圣地之前下跪,而且还会五体投地,也要烧香。)

geology中的GEO/GE,源自希腊语,意为earth或geography(geocentric, geochemistry, geochronology, geocide, geomagnetic, geopolitics);-OLOGY源自希腊语,意为the study of…(anthropology, astrology, biology, chronology, criminology, entomology, epidemiology, etymology, graphology, meteorology, microbiology, morphology, ornithology, philology, phonology, physiology, psychology, theology, zoology),geology意为―地质学;(某一地区的)性质;地质学的著作‖。 graceful中的GRAC,也作GRAT,源自拉丁语,意为to please, thank, free

(congratulate, disgrace, exempli gratia, grace, gracious, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity, ingratiate, ingratitude, person non grata);后缀-FUL的用法:1.加在n.之后构成adj.,表示―充满‖,―…多的‖,―赋有…性质的‖(beautiful, masterful, shameful);2.加在v.之后构成adj.,表示―容易…的‖(forgetful, playful, useful);3.加在n.之后构成n.,表示―满‖,―容量‖(armful, mouthful),graceful中的-FUL对应用法的第一项,graceful意为―优美的,雅致的;得体的,适度的‖,如:a graceful dancer(优雅的舞者)/ a graceful acceptance of defeat(得体地接受失败)

graphite中的GRAPH,也作GRAM,源自希腊语,意为to write(autobiography, biographer, cartographer, choreograph, diagram, epigraph, grammar, graph,

graphology, monogram, monograph, orthography, program, telegram, telegraph);后缀-ITE用于构成名词,可表示:1.―…的居民‖,―…的后代‖,―…分子‖,―…党员‖,―…主义者‖(Israelite, Trotskyite, urbanite);2.组织或躯体的一部分(dendrite);3.产品,商标名称(metabolite, ebonite);4.学术用语:a)岩石、矿物的名称(dolomite,

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