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致 谢
时光飞逝，大学四年的学习生活也即将接近尾声，在此我想对我的母校，我的导师，与我朝夕相处的老师与同学们表达我由衷的谢意。
首先要感谢我的论文导师XXX老师。XXX老师渊博的专业知识，严谨的治学态度，精益求精的工作作风，诲人不倦的崇高师德以及朴实无华、平易近人的人格魅力对我今后的学习与工作影响深远。本论文从选题到完成，每一步都是在彭老师的指导下完成的，倾注了老师大量的心血，在此谨向XXX老师表示衷心的感谢。
最后我还要十分感谢四年来与我朝夕相处的老师与同学们，感谢老师与同学们四年来的关心和鼓励，因为他们使我的大学生活充满了感。
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1 The Breadth and Depth of DSP
Digital Signal Processing is one of the most powerful technologies that will shape science and engineering in the twenty-first century. Revolutionary changes have already been made in a broad range of fields: communications, medical imaging, radar & sonar, high fidelity music reproduction, and oil prospecting, to name just a few. Each of these areas has developed a deep DSP technology, with its own algorithms, mathematics, and specialized techniques. This combination of breath and depth makes it impossible for any one individual to master all of the DSP technology that has been developed. DSP education involves two tasks: learning general concepts that apply to the field as a whole, and learning specialized techniques for your particular area of interest. This chapter starts our journey into the world of Digital Signal Processing by describing the dramatic effect that DSP has made in several diverse fields. The revolution has begun.
1.1 The Roots of DSP
Digital Signal Processing is distinguished from other areas in computer science by the unique type of data it uses: signals. In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the real world: seismic vibrations, visual images, sound waves, etc. DSP is the mathematics, the algorithms, and the techniques used to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form. This includes a wide variety of goals, such as: enhancement of visual images, recognition and generation of speech, compression of data for storage and transmission, etc. Suppose we attach an analog-to-digital converter to a computer and use it to acquire a chunk of real world data. DSP answers the question: What next? The roots of DSP are in the 1960s and 1970s when digital computers first became available. Computers were expensive during this era, and DSP was limited to only a few critical applications. Pioneering efforts were made in four key areas: radar & sonar, where national security was at risk; oil exploration, where large amounts of money could be made; space exploration, where the data are irreplaceable; and medical imaging, where lives could be saved. The personal computer revolution of the 1980s and 1990s caused DSP to explode with new applications. Rather than being motivated by military and government needs, DSP
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