发布时间 : 星期日 文章重庆市重庆一中2019届高三上学期半期考试试题 英语更新完毕开始阅读
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In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房
东) can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartment. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
Some experts argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics hold the opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decision, such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be corrected only if ―other things are equal‖. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
28. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may ________.
A. cause a shortage of apartments
B. worry those who rent apartments as homes. C. increase the profits of landlords.
D. encourage landlords to invest in building apartments. 29. We can safely say that rent control ________.
A. will always benefit those who rent apartments. B. is unnecessary.
C. will probably bring inactive effects in the long run. D. is necessary under all conditions
30. There will be the problem of unemployment if ________.
A. the minimum wage is set too high.. B. the minimum wage is set too early. C. the workers are unskilled.
D. the maximum wage is set for poor workers. 31. The passage tells us about ________.
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A. the relationship between supply and demand.
B. the possible results of government controls. C. the necessity of government control.
D. the urgency of getting rid of government control.
D
The concept of culture has been defined many times, and although no definition has achieved universal acceptance, most of the definitions include three central ideas: that culture is passed on from generation to generation, that a culture represents a ready-made principle for living and for making day-to-day decisions, and, finally, that the components of a culture are accepted by those in the culture as good, and true, and not to be questioned. The eminent anthropologist George Murdock has listed seventy-three items that characterize every known culture, past and present.
The list begins with Age-grading and Athletic sports, runs to Weaning and Weather Control, and includes on the way such items as Calendar, Fire making, Property Rights, and Tool making. I would submit that even the most extreme advocate of a culture of poverty viewpoint would readily acknowledge that, with respect to almost all of these items, every American, beyond the first generation immigrant, regardless of race or class, is a member of a common culture. We all share pretty much the same sports. Maybe poor kids don‘t know how to play polo, and rich kids don‘t spend time with stickball, but we all know baseball, football, and basketball. Despite some misguided efforts to raise minor dialects to the status of separate tongues, we all, in fact, share the same language.
There may be differences in diction and usage, but it would be ridiculous to say that all Americans don‘t speak English. We have the calendar, the law, and large numbers of other cultural items in common. It may well be true that on a few of the seventy-three items there are minor variations between classes, but these kinds of things are really slight variations on a common theme.
There are other items that show variability, not in relation to class, but in relation to religion and ethnic background —funeral customs and cooking, for example. But if there is one place in America where the melting pot is a reality, it is on the kitchen stove; in the course of one month, half the readers of this sentence have probably eaten pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein. Specific differences that might be identified as signs of separate cultural identity are relatively insignificant within the general unity of American life; they are cultural commas and semicolons in the paragraphs and pages of American life. 32. According to the author‘s definition of culture, ________.
A. a culture should be accepted and maintained universally B. a culture should be free from falsehood and evils
C. the items of a culture should be taken for granted by people
D. the items of a culture should be accepted by well-educated people 33. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Baseball, football and basketball are popular sports in America.
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B. Different classes have different cultures.
C. Playing polo is popular among kids.
D. There is no variation in using the American language.
34. It can be inferred that ________ will most probably be included in the seventy-three items.
A. accent B. polo C. dream patterns D. table manners 35. The author‘s main purpose in writing this passage is to ________. A. prove that different people have different definitions of culture B. warn that variations exist as far as a culture is concerned C. indicate that culture is closely connected with social classes
D. show that the idea that the poor or the rich establish a separate culture is an absurdity
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When a New Yorker was hiking in Europe, his Swiss friend kept saying ―Listen to that!‖ but he didn‘t hear anything. His ears were accustomed to loud city noises and it was days before he was able to notice the sound of a bird. 36 . There is background music in restaurants, bars, stores, rest rooms, elevators, and when you are waiting on the telephone. Russell Baker blames ―society‘s determination to entertain you whether you like it or not‖.
37 , but in practice they avoid it. They drive with the car radio turned up, switch on the television when they get home, and exercise while listening to music on headphones. 38 They can buy things in stores, but they do not have enough human contact. So they fill their lives with sound.
39 . Young men play their car stereos loudly in order to create a personal environment around them. Like animals, they are marking a territory to warn rivals away and to attract a mate.
It may also be true that the brain itself wants excitement just as the stomach insists on food. 40 . This seems extreme. Perhaps we would be better off if we sought periods of silence to provide balance.
A. Sometimes the reason for the noise is primitive
B. The noise suggests that people have a spiritual problem C. They spend too much time in elevators and the like
D. Unlike in the past, we now have modern technology to supply a constant flood of sounds E. For most of us, silence has become a rare experience
F. A good response would be to use our brains to improve modern technology G. People may say they yearn for quiet
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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In a national spelling contest in America, an 11–year–old girl was asked to spell a certain
word. But with her 41 voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. They talked it over and 42 decided to simply ask her what she had said. By now, the girl knew she had 43 the word. But instead of lying, she told the truth that she had said the 44 letter — so she lost the contest.
As the girl walked off the 45,the entire audience stood to their feet clapping to applaud her 46. Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11– year–old girl‘s honesty, even when it 47 her the contest. But the fact is that she 48 the biggest contest that day: the contest of her 49. Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we would do if we knew we would never get 50. This young girl could easily have 51 and nobody would have known it but herself. But that‘s just it: She would know she did wrong. It‘s been said, ―If you 52, you make yourself cheap.‖ This young girl was strong and smart enough to prize her own 53 and character more than the prize from a spelling 54. Her respect for herself was more important than any 55 others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to live with herself and the 56 she made in that moment will have long–lasting influence.
It‘s so true that the choices you make today 57 what you are tomorrow. Our children will 58 our behavior much more than our advice. So if we want them to 59 to be honest, we must show them the way by being honest ourselves. Remember, our kids are 60 what we do and how we live even when we don‘t think they see or know. 41. A. high B. sweet C. tough D. soft 42. A. finally B. kindly C. secretly D. totally 43. A. forgotten B. mispronounced C. misspelled D. lost 44. A. correct B. wrong C. different D. same 45. A. stage B. studio C. test D. classroom 46. A. bravery B. honesty C. courage D. cleverness 47. A. cancelled B. cost C. offered D. wasted 48. A. achieved B. broke C. won D. defeated 49. A. reputation B. knowledge C. life D. character 50. A. paid B. awarded C. caught D. reported 51. A. escaped B. lied C. changed D. answered 52. A. accept B. fight C. cheat D. insist 53. A. conscience B. feeling C. diligence D. modesty 54. A. contest B. champion C. judger D. expert 55. A. sense B. pride C. respect D. awareness 56. A. plan B. conclusion C. discovery D. choice 57. A. make B. change C. keep D. create 58. A. give B. take C. follow D. set 59. A. grow up B. bring up C. take up D. come up 60. A. recording B. inspecting C. correcting D. watching
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