发布时间 : 星期三 文章考研英语（一）长难句解析系列 - 2015年新题型更新完毕开始阅读
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考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2015
年新题型
本文节选自2006年的一本出版读物《Ways of Reading: Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature》。所选篇章讲述了读者如何阅读以及在此过程中影响理解效果的各因素。全文长难句较多，但因其语法结构基本上都是历年常见语法现象，所以难度不是很大。下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：
【典型例句1】：Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.
【例句解析】：本句是一个简单句，主干是Clearly you try to comprehend，in the sense of后是一个分词短语做方式状语的情况，该分词短语中有两个动词短语作of的宾语，分别是identify meanings for individual words 和 work out relationships between them，drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar仍然是分词短语做方式状语，具体阐述主句中读者们如何进行理解。
【例句释义】：很显然，在确定个别单词含义并且梳理各单词间关系的意义上，你试着去理解，并且利用你内在的英语语法知识。
【典型例句2：】You make further inferences, for instance about how the text may be significant to you, or about its plausibility – inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible. 【例句解析】：这句结构较为简单，主句为You make further inferences，for instance about how the text may be significant to you, or about its plausibility可理解为插入语，是inference的举例说明，破折号之后inference复现，表示进一步解释说明和强调，that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible是后置定语修饰inference，其中又嵌套了一个定语：for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible修饰response，翻译时应当独立成句。
【难点点拨】：inference推断、推理;plausibility真实性、合理性;inevitably不可避免地、必然地。
【例句释义】：你做出有关于文本重要性或者合理性的进一步推论——该推论是读者做出个人反应的基础，而他们的反应与作者没太有关系。 【典型例句3】：Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.【例句解析】：这句话的主干是we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction，between后为介宾短语。冒号后又进一步解释了有哪些textual and contextual material，最后that引导定语从句，限定修饰其前的所有名词;。
【难点点拨】：ascribe …to…归因于、归咎于;interaction 相互作用;perceive感觉、感知;textual文本的;contextual上下文的、前后关系的、语境的
【例句释义】：更确切地说，我们是在可以被称为文字材料和背景材料的相互作用的基
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础之上，给文本赋予意义：一切在文本形式结构中(特别是其语言结构)我们所感受到的组织或图案，抑或是各种背景、社会知识，信念和态度。
【典型例句4】：Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.
【例句解析】：这句的主干是Factors will encourage us towards certain interpretations, but at the same time obscure or even close off others，but转折部分为省略句，省略了主语factors ;such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是factors的举例说明，其中in which 引导定语从句修饰the place and period。
【难点点拨】：obscure在文中为动词用法：使模糊不清、使难理解;close off使隔离、封锁隔绝。
【例句释义】：诸如我们阅读时的场所、时期，我们各自的性别、种族、年龄和社会阶层都能够有助于促进理解，但同时会导致其它读者产生模糊甚至不理解。 【典型例句5】：Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns – debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values. 【例句解析】此句的主句是debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values，句首由because引导原因状语从句，其中该从句中主语为readers，from different historical periods, places and social experience是readers的限定， produce为谓语动词，宾语为different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page;破折号后的including为介宾短语，嵌套一个由that引导的定语。
【难点点拨】：obscure在文中为动词用法：使模糊不清、使难理解;close off使隔离、封锁隔绝。
【例句释义】：正是因为来自不同历史时期、区域和社会经验的读者们能够对读本中相同语言文字制作出不同却内容重合的读物——包括那些涉及基本人文需求的文本——因此，关于文本的辩论在关于信仰和价值观的社会讨论中发挥着重要作用。
总之，2015年新题型中词汇、长难句总体不难，长句虽长，但句型结构较为简单，对背景知识的要求不太高，没有出现复杂的句型和难理解的词汇。但是，值得强调的是，长难句的考察仍然侧重对于句子主干成分和修饰成分的分析，尤其是定语和状语的理解。
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