发布时间 : 星期三 文章(通用版)2019高考二轮复习第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO.2再研考点第一层级第四讲动词讲义(英语)更新完毕开始阅读
形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。
(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”。这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。
(3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的should不可省略。
(4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。
(5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
(一)考点练悟
下文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。
It was getting dark when I get home. It was cold and I was worn a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I can not find it. I suddenly remembered that I left it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I knew my wife is at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I knock at the door.
There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the
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office boy told me at noon. He said that my wife had phoned saying that she will go shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in through a window.
答案：第一句：get→got 第二句：worn→wearing 第三句：can→could 第四句：left前加had
第六句：is→was; knock→knocked 第十句：told前加had 第十一句：will→would (二)快捷技法
思考趋向1 检查几种容易错用的时态是否存在错用情况
在分析句子成分确定了谓语动词后，如果存在下面的几种时态，要仔细分析比对其用法区别，看是否有时态错用。
[解题规则]
1．一般现在时与一般过去时的误用
若上下文叙述的是同一件事情，则时态应具有一致性。 2．现在完成时与过去完成时的误用
(1)看到so far, up to now, until now, since then, recently, lately, in the last/past few months/years, for＋一段时间等常用现在完成时。
(2)在It/This/That be the first/second ...time that从句中，如果be为is，从句常用现在完成时；如果be为was，从句常用过去完成时。
(3)在hardly/scarcely ...when .../no sooner ...than ...句型中，主句常用过去完成时。
3．一般过去时与现在完成时的误用
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一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去一段时间内经常发生的动作，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用；而现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)的动作或状态，不和确定的过去时间状语连用。
I taught here two years ago. 两年前我在这儿教书。 I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿教书15年了。
思考趋向2 检查是否存在谓语动词语态的误用情况
如果考查的是谓语动词，需要检查的是需要使用主动语态还是被动语态。 [解题规则]
1．做题时要先判断谓语动词和主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，从而确定语态的使用是否正确。
2．系动词和不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态，要避免把系动词和不及物动词(短语)当作及物动词(短语)而使用被动语态。
3．常用主动形式表示被动意义的动词不能再使用被动语态。 4．被动语态构成错误。其构成形式应为：be＋过去分词。 思考趋向3 检查谓语动词是否和主语在数上一致
通过分析句子成分找到谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态外，还要找一下谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，核查主谓是否一致。
思考趋向4 检查是否存在谓语动词虚拟语气的误用情况
如果考查的是谓语动词，还需要检查是否存在虚拟语气形式的误用。
非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是语法填
空和短文改错的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去
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分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能，现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)
A study 1.________ (publish) in September suggests there is a 2.________ (surprise) way to get people 3.________ (avoid) unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers 4.________ (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “One week later” Loftus says, “5.________ (feed) the people, we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail. 6.________ (tell) that they had got sick after 7.________ (eat) strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促成的) memory through 8.________ (lead) questions — Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those 9.________ (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid 10.________ (eat) it.
答案：1.published 2.surprising 3.to avoid 4.to answer 5．Having fed 6.Having been told 7.eating 8.leading 9．given 10.eating (二)快捷技法
思考趋向1 填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式
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