发布时间 : 星期一 文章(完整版)锅炉自动控制系统毕业设计论文更新完毕开始阅读
优秀论文 审核通过 未经允许 切勿外传
摘要
锅炉是国民经济中主要的供热设备之一。电力、机械、冶金、化工、纺织、造纸、食品等工业和民用采暖都需要锅炉供给大量的蒸汽。各种工业的生产性质与规模不同，工业和民用采暖的规模大小不尽相同。锅炉是供热之源，锅炉及其设备的任务在于安全，可靠，有效把燃料的化学能转化成热能，进而将热能传递给水，以生产热水和蒸汽。为了生产工艺有特殊要求外，所生产的热水不需要过高温的压力和温度，容量也无需很大。
随着现代工业技术的飞速发展，对能源利用率的要求越来越高。锅炉作为将一次能源转化为二次能源的重要设备之一，其控制和管理的水平也日趋提高。但在我国，大部分锅炉还采用仪表和继电器控制，甚至人工操作，已无法满足生产需求。因此，对锅炉控制系统采用先进的控制技术，不仅能够保证安全生产，而且能够节能增效，具有很好的市场发展空间和投资收益前景。
本论文的主要方向就是采用PLC对工业锅炉进行控制。介绍了工业锅炉的系统组成及选择的控制系统，在设计中主要有水位检测、温度检测、压力检测、水泵的自动手动控制等几部分组成来实现锅炉的自动控制系统。并且采用MCGS组态软件设计监控画面。采用PID控制算法，已达到优化技术指标，提高经济效益和社会效益，提高劳动生产率，节约能源，改善劳动条件，保护环境卫生，提高市场竞争能力的作用。
关键字：锅炉；PLC；PID；MCGS组态软件；
Abstract
Boiler is the national economy one of the main , industrial and civil vary the size of is safe, reliable and effective conversion of the fuel's chemical energy into order to process requirements, the production of industrial technology, energy efficiency China, most of the boiler also uses instruments and relays, or even manually, been unable to meet production needs. Therefore, the boiler control system uses advanced control technology, not only to ensure safety in production, but also energy efficiency, with good market prospects for development and investment income.
The main direction of this paper is the use of PLC control for industrial boilers. Describes the composition of industrial boiler systems
and the choice of control system, mainly in the design water level detection, temperature detection, pressure testing, water pump auto manual control several components to achieve the automatic boiler control system. MCGS configuration software design and using the monitor screen. PID control algorithm used to optimize the technical specifications to improve the economic and social benefits, improve labor productivity, save energy, improve working conditions, protect the environment and software;
目录
第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1选题背景及意义 ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2锅炉控制技术的研究现状及发展 .................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 控制技术的发展趋势 ................................................................................................................... 2 第2章 锅炉的基本构造及其工作原理 ................................................................................................. 4 2.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 锅炉的基本构造 ............................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 锅炉的工作原理及工作过程 ........................................................................................................... 5 2.3.1 燃料的燃烧过程 ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.2 烟气向水的传热过程 ................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.3 水的汽化过程 ............................................................................................................................... 6 第3章 锅炉控制系统及其选择的控制方式 ......................................................................................... 8 3.1 蒸汽温度控制系统 ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 蒸汽压力控制系统 ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.3 汽包液位控制系统 ........................................................................................................................... 9 3.4 炉膛负压控制系统 ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.5 串级控制系统的参数整定 ............................................................................................................. 11 3.6 串级控制系统的控制算法 ............................................................................................................. 12 第4章 锅炉自动控制系统的硬件设计 ............................................................................................... 14 4.1总体设计思路 .................................................................................................................................. 14 4.2系统结构 .......................................................................................................................................... 14 4.3 控制器选型及配置 ......................................................................................................................... 15 4.4 IO地址分配表 ................................................................................................................................ 16 4.5 系统主电路的设计 ......................................................................................................................... 18 4.6系统控制电路的设计 ...................................................................................................................... 19 4.7 补水泵控制系统 ............................................................................................................................. 22 4.8 给水泵控制系统 ............................................................................................................................. 24 4.9通信网络配置 .................................................................................................................................. 25 4.10变频器的选型 ................................................................................................................................ 25 4.11传感器的选型 ................................................................................................................................ 27 4.12 其它器件的选型 ........................................................................................................................... 29 第5章 锅炉自动控制系统的软件设计 ............................................................................................... 31 5.1 PLC控制流程图 .............................................................................................................................. 31 5.2组态软件设计特点 .......................................................................................................................... 37 5.3 锅炉监控系统的软件结构 ............................................................................................................. 38 5.4界面设计 .......................................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 PLC控制程序 .................................................................................................................................. 39