发布时间 : 星期六 文章非谓语动词 不定式更新完毕开始阅读
非谓语动词不定式的用法
一．不定式作的基本结构
肯定式 to do 否定式 not to do 被动式 to be d one 完成式 to have done 二．动词不定式的句法作用
动词不定式有名词 副词 形容词的特征，因此 在句子中可以作主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 补语
（一）作主语
To see is to believe．
Not to get there in time is your fault.
注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语 + to do eg.
It takes us an hour ___ get there by bus.
句型2：It’s + n. + to do eg. It’s our duty __ help the poor.
It is a great enjoyment __ spend our holiday in the mountains 句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth It is + adj + for sb to do sth （是形容事物的性质的 ） eg.It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.
It is + adj + of sb to do sth （是形容人的品质的 ） eg.It is very kind of you to give me some help.
（二）作宾语
1. 接不定式作宾语
eg. I want to know this matter. * 常接to do作宾语的动词有
want, ask/beg, help, like, demand, expect/hope/wish, promise, begin, decide/determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate, care等 “决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事” “迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事”
1. They wanted ____( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? 2. He said he wished ______( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor.
4. My daughter preferred ______ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised ______ ( give ) me a hand.
注意 下列动词或词组既可以跟不定式作宾语，也可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别
1.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 doing sth 忘记已经做过某事 2.remember to do sth 记得要做某事 doing sth 记得曾经做过某事 3.regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事 doing sth 后悔做过某事 4.try to do sth 努力做某事
doing sth 尝试着做某事 5.mean to do sth 打算做某事 doing sth 意味着做某事
6.go on to do sth （做完某事）接着做某事
doing sth （= go on with sth）继续做同一件事 7.canˊt help to do sth 不能帮助做某事 doing sth 情不自禁地做某事
8.begin/start/continue to do sth 开始/继续做某事（还没做） doing sth 开始/继续做某事（正在做的事） 9.like/love/prefer/hate to do sth 喜欢/更愿意/讨厌做某事（还没做的事） doing sth 喜欢/更愿意/讨厌做某事（正在做的事）
10.learn to do sth 学着去做某事 doing sth 学习做某事
例题
(1 ). Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close
（2）.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
（3）. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off
2.不定式作动词（词组）tell show understand explain teach learn advise discuss ask decide wonder find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how what whether where when who等，但是why后加不带to的不定式
? He taught us how to use the tool.
? No one could tell me where to get the book. ? I haven't decided whether to go or stay. ? Can you tell me why do it?
（三）作补足语
1.作宾语补足语 即V + sb + to do
advice allow ask beg cause encourage expect forbid force get intend invite like love order persuade prefer remind require teach
tell want warn wish wait for call on depend on 等 “请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助”
eg.The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
例：An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____clear warnings before firing any shots.
A.to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued
2.使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看
feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice后面的宾补有两种情况
①当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时，需用动词原形（即不带to的不定式）及doing（现在分词的一般主动式）
V + sb do 不带to的不定式表完成 ， 即
V + sb doing doing形式表正在进行
eg. I heard her sing an English song just now. (主动 完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
（主动 正在进行） 注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式要加上“ to” 即sb be v-ed to do eg. She is heard ___(sing) the English song just now. He was seen _______(enter) the room.
②当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时，需用过去分词及being done（现在分词一般被动式）
V + sb done 过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性 ， 即
V + sb being done being done表正在进行
eg. I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. (被动 正在进行)
I’d like to see the plan carried out. (被动 没有一定的时间性)
③不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态
eg. I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (vi 状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (vi 完成) 训练：
(1). At the moment I saw him ____(cross)the road.
(2). I was glad to see the children well____(take)care of.
(3). A cook will be immediately fired if he is found____(smoke)in the kitchen.
3.作主语补足语
下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语
Sb / Sth.. be said / believed / known / reported / considered / found / thought + to do / to have done / to be done / to have been done + 其他 eg . He is said to have gone abroad.
Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 训练：
Allen is said _____(design) a new computer program recently, but I don’t know when he will finish it.