发布时间 : 星期一 文章新标准大学英语视听说教程4-听力原文及翻译更新完毕开始阅读
绵）. They really just want to soak up every piece of the information. They are not afraid of making mistakes as are the older people. It is so much easier to learn a language when you’re a child. But you know it can be done at any age. And I think it just takes a little bit more of an effort and also the willingness to take risks to appear a little bit of foolish perhaps. But in so doing, if you can laugh at yourself a little bit and your own mistakes then other people feel more comfortable around you. And this makes everybody, and make more comfortable and of course communication is what it’s all about. M: What is the best way to teach English?
W: There’re so many different ways of teaching English. It varies school to school. It varies teacher to teacher. It also varies as to whether you’re taking private lessons with a tutor or if you’re in a large classroom situation. In some ways, it’s great to have a tutor individually because you can have somebody work with you one-on-one. However, there is also an advantage to be able to take a class with students from., not just your country but other countries as well. So therefore, you can communicate with other people, which is again, what it’s all about. You can learn about other cultures in addition to the American culture. You can learn about other cultures. I’ve had students who complain about being in a class with other English-as-a-second-language students, but over all I ha e found that the communication outweighs any disadvantages. So students really enjoy meeting each other and being forced to speak in English.
你真的想学英语吗？clestino桑蒂，英语教师给学生提供了重要的建议。
男：请给我们一些建议来学习英语的人。
女：嗯，我想根据我对学生英语学习的经验，提出一些建议和建议。首先，不要害怕和美国人说话。美国人似乎喜欢上体育课来自其他国家的人，他们愿意分享的信息，他们有。因此，如果你害怕向美国人说话，这意味着你正在通过一个沟通的机会，这是真的是什么。这不是关于阅读书籍或学习语法的一些抽象的方式，它是更多关于说话，交流学习如何真正的人交谈，他们必须说。嗯，一个很好的办法就是在社区里出去。我想给人们的另一条建议是：尽可能多地了解你的文化。我想这样你会更自信，你也可以欣赏我们的文化有点更好地学习一些差异，但也有一些相似之处。男：学习英语的最佳年龄是多少？
W：作为一名教师和一个导师我教的所有不同年龄的人，真的，在他们的60年代和70年代，一直到最低的基础（小学的）学校的孩子们。我发现一些真正的不同CES。当然，成年人有更多传统的基础教育形式，他们以他们为基础的学习形式。同样，在许多情况下，他们更不愿说。他们有点更尴尬，他们想确保他们有语法结构。然而，年轻的孩子就像海绵（海绵）。他们真的只是想把每一块的信息离子。他们不害怕犯错误，因为他们是老年人。当你是孩子的时候，学习一门语言是如此的容易。但你知道它可以在任何年龄。我想我只需要一个一点更多的努力和承担风险的意愿出现一点点愚蠢也许。但这样做，如果你可以嘲笑自己一点点和自己的错误，然后其他在你身边的人感觉更舒服。这让每个人都有了，让人更舒服，当然沟通也就是这样。
男：教英语的最好方法是什么？
女：有这么多不同的教学方式。不同学校到学校。老师对老师的不同。这也有不同的变化，无论你是带家教的私人课程，如果你是我大课堂情境。在某些方面，有一个家庭教师是很好的，因为你可以和你在一对一的人工作。然而，也有一个优点是能够采取一个氯与学生一起的，不只是你的国家，而是其他国家。因此，你可以与其他人沟通，这是一次又一次，它的全部。你可以了解其他文化除了美国文化。你可以了解其他文化。我有学生抱怨与其他的把英语作为第二语言班，但我有佛发现沟通胜过任何缺点。所以学生们真的很喜欢互相见面，并且不得不用英语说。
Listening in
P: We have with us today Dr Jonathan Bingham, an expert on disappearing languages. I understand that as many as 2000 languages are in danger of disappearing?
B: Yes. There are more than 6000 languages in the world, and about 2000 of them may disappear. P: Presumably this is because there are very few people left who speak the languages.
B: That’s right. For example, there’s a remote part of the north Australian coast-where a man called Pick lives. There are only three remaining speakers of his Aboriginal language. One lives quite a distance away and the other is his sister who he’s got allowed to speak
to because she’s a woman.
P: So with only three speakers that languages is certain to die out, isn’t it?
B: It looks like it. Another, it’s got to be admitted very amusing example-200 years ago a German explorer came across a village near the Orinoco river in Venezuela. He heard a parrot speaking and asked the villagers what is was saying. They said they didn’t know because the parrot had learned is language from its owner. The owner, who had died, was the last person to speak it.
B: Very sad. But nowadays small tribes or peoples get absorbed into the mainstream cultures around them and-have to speak the language or that culture in order to survive. The terrible thing is, when a language disappears, the culture and its traditions tend to disappear too. P: Why is that?
B: Well, for example, there are 28000 Khanty members of an aboriginal people who live in Siberia, in northern Russia-and only 20 of them speak their traditional language well. Now there are words in their language that refer to certain rituals and these words don’t exist in Russian. How can they practice their rituals when they don’t have the words? P： You ‘re involved in a project that works to preserve endangered languages.
B: Yes, indeed. We visit cultures whose language is endangered and document the language’s grammar, vocabulary, oral traditions-songs, stories, things like that. A language is so rich and there’s so much to learn from it. P: Of course
B: And we also try to keep the language alive through education. Welsh is an excellent example of a language that has been saved. P: Welsh was dying, wasn’t it?
B: Yes, but a lot of effort has been made and now 20 percent of the Welsh population speak Welsh P: So it can be done. B: Yes, it can
P：我们有我们的今天，乔纳森博士的Bingham，一个正在消失的语言专家。我明白，多达2000种语言有消失的危险吗？
乙：是的。世界上有超过6000种语言，其中约有2000种可能会消失。
病人：大概是因为有极少数的人会说这种语言。
乙：对。例如，有一个偏远的北澳大利亚海岸的一名男子称为“挑选生活”。他的土著语言只有三个剩余的人。一个人住得很好距离远，另一个是他的姐姐，他得到了允许，因为她是个女人。
只有三个讲语言的人一定会死的，不是吗？
它看起来像。另一方面，必须承认很有趣example-200年前德国探险家来到附近的村庄在委内瑞拉的奥里诺科河。他听到一只鹦鹉在说话，然后问村民们在说什么。他们说，他们不知道，因为这只鹦鹉是从它的主人的语言。死亡的主人，是最后一个说话的人。
乙：很难过。但现在的小部落或民族融入主流文化，必须讲语言或文化才能生存。可怕的是，当语言消失了，文化和传统也会消失。
教授：为什么？
B：好的，例如，有28000个土著人汉特成员居住在西伯利亚，在俄罗斯北部，只有20的人说自己的传统语言。现在有话在吨指特定的仪式，这些词在俄语中不存在。当他们没有这句话的时候，他们怎么能练习他们的礼仪呢？
教授：你是在一个项目中参与保护濒危语言的项目。
是的，的确。我们参观文化的语言是濒危和文件的语言的语法，词汇，口头的传统歌曲，故事，这样的事情。一种语言是如此的丰富，
有如此的米这种从中学习。
磷：当然
我们也试着通过教育来保持语言的活力。威尔士语是一种语言，已保存的一个很好的例子。
P：威尔士快死了，是不是？
乙：是的，但已经取得了很多的努力，现在百分之20的人口讲威尔士威尔士
警：所以可以做。
是的，它可以 Passage 2
When a dog growls(狂叫) at another dog, it’s giving a warning signal. When a dog wags（摇尾巴） his tall at its human owner, It’s expressing excitement or happiness. It has always been clear to us that animals communicate, both to others of their own species and to other species. But in recent decades scientists have attempted to find out if animals have any communication systems that resemble human language.
To qualify as a langrage, two features are needed. The language must have rules, in other words, grammar or syntax（句法）. Equally important, the language, whether it’s sound or movement, must have meaning to the communicator. For example, when a child says, “Daddy watch telly,”the words may not be correct grammatically, but the child knows what it’s saying.
Let’s look at some examples of what researchers have discovered. One of the most famous examples of insect communication is the dance language of bees. When bees have found a source of food they do a dance. The movements of the bees and their positions show the distance and direction of the food source. For insects, this is an advanced communication system but no, you can’t call this language in the human sense.
Researchers have found that certain sounds dolphins make are linked to specific types of behavior. For example .they’ll make one kind of whistling sound while feeding, another while socializing. Sometimes one dolphin will whistle（吹口哨） and another will seem to answer. Dolphins have large human-sized brains and it’s possible that they may have a type of language.
It’s not surprising that primates（灵长类） may have advanced communication systems. Verve monkeys have different alarm calls for different animals. An alarm call meaning “eagle” sends monkeys down the trees while an alarm call meaning “leopard” sends them up the trees.
The most exciting work of all has been done in America where researchers have taught chimpanzees American Sign Language. A monkey called Washoe has learnt hundreds of words and is able to use then in sentences, for example, “want food now.” When people seem upset she signed words such as “hurt” and “sorry”. On one occasion, a young chimpanzee took Washer’s magazine. Washoe signed to herself, “Bad, bad, bad”. Clearly words have meaning for Washoe and for some of her companions too.
However, when all is said and done, none of the research has shown that animals use language in the complex way that humans do. However, the researcher ……
当一只狗咆哮（狂叫）在另一只狗，它给一个警告信号。当狗摇（摇尾巴）他在主人的高，这是表达激动和幸福。它一直告诉我们，生命对其他物种和其他物种进行交流。但近几十年来，科学家们试图找出动物是否有类似人类的交流系统适用范围。
作为一个合格的语言，两功能是必要的。语言必须有规则，换句话说，语法或句法（句法）。同样重要的是，语言，无论是声音或运动，必须有意义吴的沟通者。例如，当一个孩子说，“爸爸看电视，”的话不可能在语法上是正确的，但孩子知道它在说什么。
让我们来看看研究人员发现的一些例子。最有名的昆虫传播的例子之一是蜜蜂的舞蹈语言。当蜜蜂找到食物的来源时，他们就这样做了舞蹈。蜜蜂和它们的位置的移动显示了食物来源的距离和方向。对于昆虫，这是一个先进的通信系统，但没有，你不能把这种语言
在吨他人类意识。
研究人员已经发现，某些声音海豚与特定类型的行为有关。例如，他们会在给人一种口哨声的同时，另一个在社交的时候。舒美特艾姆斯一海豚哨（吹口哨）和另一个会回答。海豚有大的人类大脑，有可能他们有一种语言。
这并不奇怪，灵长类动物（灵长类）可能拥有先进的通信系统。神韵的猴子有不同的报警电话，为不同的动物。一个报警电话的意思是“鹰”给猴子下树当一个警钟，意思是“豹”把他们送上了树。
最令人激动的工作在美国已经完成，研究人员在那里教黑猩猩的美国手语。一只猴子名叫Washoe学会了几百个字，能用在例如，句子，“现在就要吃”，当人们似乎不高兴时，她签了字，如“伤害”和“对不起”。有一次，一个年轻的黑猩猩带着洗衣机的杂志。瓦肖签署了自己的“坏，坏的，坏的。清楚的话有意义的一些同伴Washoe的太。
然而，当所有的人都说和完成时，没有一个研究表明动物在人类的复杂方式中使用语言。然而，研究人员。 Unit 10
Outside view
……Think for a minute about the kinds of people who practice extreme sports. The people in these pictures: daredevil（喜欢冒险的人，鲁莽大胆的人）, risk-takers, thrill-seekers. Sure! But what kind of job do you think they have? Exciting jobs, right? What kinds of lives do they lead? Thrilling lives, of course! How old are they? They’re all under 30, right? what do they look like? Tall, strong, powerful, of course! Now, think again ……So, tell me, how come you came to the dentist?
……Um, well, I wanted to come for my regular, like, yearly appointment. ……Doctor Stephen Green is a holistic（整体的） dentist.
……We’ll try to tell you a little bit about your diet and your nutrition and most of your immune system is built around the food we eat.
My goal is finding health, and helping your find health and find that balance using the teeth as, as kind of a window into that. And making a lot of money, ah, is not where it’s at. It’s, it’s helping people.
……Doctor Green is passionate about his work. He is also passionate about windsurfing.
……I really don’t consider myself extreme. I’m a 60-year-old man, but I love to get out there. It keeps me in shape. The, the act of
preparing my sails, getting out there, looking at the wind, planning the day, talking to other windsurfers, deciding how we’re are going to prepare, what we’re going to rig, is, is part of it. Just sometimes the rigging and de-rigging is enough exercise but if I get out of there and I get going and I find that magical balance, it’s, it’s worth it all, and, and, and, it’s taught me not to be afraid. Un, that’s, that’s the biggest thing I’ve learnt from it.
……Most Sundays Doctor Green gets together with his son, Jeremy. ……I can’t believe you picked such a good day for your tournament, Jeremy.
……Yeah, these waves are incredible. The wind is up. Going to have a good day, huh? My son Jeremy, ah, he, he’s just amazing, uh, he’s
just the most balanced person I ever met. He’s created in Jupiter a, a kiting Mecca. Uh, people love to come here. And he’s created a whole set of friends from a wide variety of walks of life.
……People have come here from all over the world to learn kite surfing. If you’ve never surfed, if you’ve never flown kites, um, you can
learn this easy. There’s no one type of person, uh, that can do this sport. My dad and I are like brothers. Uh, we’ve gone surfing together in Costa Rica, we’ve gone windsurfing in Miami, and now we’ve gone kite surfing in the Dominican Republic. It’s magic to do it by yourself, but to be able to share it with your son, l mean, oh! What a blessing! When the wind starts blowing 20 miles an hour, or 22 miles an hour, the power just increased so much. Kite boarding is like flying. It’s like no other sport. You’re in the moment. You’re not thinking about anything else, except for worried about how you’re going to control this, and how you’re going to land. I, I, I love to watch Jeremy kitesurfing, uh, it’s, first of all he’s part of me, so part of me is doing all those big jumps and feel the exhilaration（兴奋）. It doesn’t take a lot of strength if you had the balance. You can take the sport, you know, up to about 30