发布时间 : 星期六 文章2019版高考英语大一轮优选备、考、练全国单元检测卷25 含答案 精品更新完毕开始阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·广西师大附属外校高三模拟)Every day, people come into contact with thousands of chemicals. These chemicals are said to be harmless to human health. In fact, the chemicals are considered so safe that we wash with them. We put them on our bodies and even our faces. Other chemical products are used throughout our homes.
By the time you walk out of your front door, you have already been exposed to thousands of chemicals.
On its own, each chemical seems harmless. But in combination with other chemicals, they may become deadly. That is the finding of a two-year study by a high-profile(高调的) task force of scientists. The task force was told to investigate the cancer-causing possibility of chemical mixtures.
Linda Gulliver was one of the 174 scientists on the task force. Their job was to study the cancer-causing potential of 85 chemicals. All 85 are said to be common in the environment.
Ms Gulliver explains that chemicals have the potential or ability to form dangerous mixtures. Even simple minerals can become dangerous when mixed with chemicals found in plastics or beauty products.
Working in groups, the scientists explored how different chemical mixtures could lead to cancer. Ms Gulliver's team looked at the ability of different combinations to support the increase of malignant(恶性的) human cells.
She says the current way to identify whether chemicals cause cancer is to test them one at a time. This method leads, she adds, to a long list of supposedly “safe” chemicals. She and her team say that approach needs to change.
“We definitely need certain research?to find out what mixtures of chemicals would be more harmful than others; what groups of chemicals, when together, would produce more harmful effects. And at the moment, that is not known.”
An estimated one in five cancers has been linked to chemical exposure. It may turn out that the cancer-causing villain(恶棍) is not a single chemical at all.
语篇导读
本文为科普说明文，揭示了多种安全的化学物质相混或成致癌物。 1．What effect may one single chemical have on us according to the text? A．It may destroy our body. C．It may let us suffer from cancer.
B．It may not cause danger to us. D．It may let our body make a change.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，一种化学物质可能不会对我们造成危害，故选B项。
2．What can we learn about Ms Gulliver's research? A．She has found 85 cancer-causing chemicals. B．She has found reasons for five kinds of cancers. C．She has found that only one chemical can cause cancer. D．She is not sure what mixtures of chemicals are more harmful.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，格利佛也不确定哪一种化学物质的混合物更具危害，故选D项。
3．According to the text, we can infer that the study ________. A．is just wasting time and money C．will cause panic in public
B．is still in need of great efforts D．will be resisted by the public
解析 B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可以推知，这项研究仍需要很大的努力，故选B项。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Mixtures of Safe Chemicals May Cause Cancer B．Being Exposed to One Chemical Is Dangerous C．How Mixtures of Safe Chemicals Come into Being？ D．What Is the Real Cause for Cancer?
解析 A 标题归纳题。根据全文尤其是最后一段最后一句可知，文章主要揭示了多种安全的化学物质相混可能会形成致癌物，故选A项。
B
(状元桥原创)Many birds may be small, but they're great natural athletes. Every year, birds literally cross mountains, deserts and seas to reach their favorite breeding(繁殖) and feeding grounds. Arctic terns—each weighing about a fifth of a pound—migrate halfway around the world, flying to Greenland in spring and the South Pole in winter. Birds rarely go “as the crow flies”—in a direct line from Point A to Point B． So, how do they choose their routes?
Answering this question sheds light on what's likely a driving force in birds' evolution. Migration can be risky business, which means those migratory routes that have survived to this day likely have major benefits for those that take them, even if they might seem circuitous(迂回的) at first glance. Bird biologists have already figured out a few factors that make certain, longer routes better for birds, including avoiding the open ocean, and having safe rest stops along the way. Now, a new study offers evidence that birds consider annual wind patterns too. Together, these factors make certain paths appealing to birds of many kinds, creating the world's great migratory flyways.
To check the effect of wind on migratory routes, biologists created a mathematical model of more than a million potential migration routes, all around the world. They added 21 years' worth
of worldwide wind data into the model. They then compared how long it would take a bird to fly between pairs of points around the world if the bird took the shortest route, versus the wind-optimized (风向最佳的) route. Wind optimization could reduce the time it takes to migrate between places, the researchers found.
It's important to remember that a bird doesn't actually plan its migration. It may follow what it learned from its parents. A bird can't be able to predict what winds will blow over its route.
语篇导读
本文为说明文。每年，大量的鸟儿都会从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方，下面且看它们是如何选择迁徙线路的。
5．Why does the writer mention “Arctic terns” in the first paragraph? A．Because they are rare birds that fly in a direct way.
B．Because they are the most intelligent birds that know where to migrate.
C．Because they are just examples of many birds that migrate with the season changes. D．Because they are the heaviest birds that can migrate long in the world.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，北极燕鸥虽然小但擅长飞，它只是文章开头第一句的一个例子而已：许多鸟类虽小，但他们是伟大的天生运动员，它们因季节的变化而迁移，故选C项。
6．How might the birds migrate all the way? A．Swiftly. C．Gracefully.
B．Visually. D．Indirectly.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，鸟类迁徙路线不是笔直的；第二段进一步说明为什么鸟类迁徙是迂回的，故选D项。
7．What factors might birds take into account when they are choosing their migration routes according to bird biologists?
A．Migration company. C．Breeding grounds.
B．Wind pattern. D．Challenging routes.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在长途迁徙中，鸟类主要是要考虑这样几个因素：避免空旷的海域，拥有安全的休息站和风向，故选B项。
8．What is the best possible title for this passage? A．The function of mathematical model B．Bird migration routes
C．The effect of wind on bird migration D．Natural athletes in the world
解析 B 标题归纳题。全文围绕着“鸟类为什么迁徙，如何选择迁徙线路，以及在迁徙的过程中如何利用风向”等问题展开，同时也告诉读者鸟类学家们对鸟类迁徙的线路的研
究。B项3个关键词都出现并能概括文章大意。A、C和D项都是片面的信息，故选B项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018·长郡中学高三实验班选拔)Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time, but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people, 1．causing (cause) a far-reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually 2．involves (involve) some necessary procedures, such as match-making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three bows. 3．In addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged, 4．what follows is a 5．choice (choose) of the date of their marriage. Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends 6．to attend (attend) the wedding. However, quite a few others, especially 7．those in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted 8．warmly (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with 9．a unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a 10．healthy (health) baby and so on. 语篇导读
本文为说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。
1．causing 解析 考查非谓语动词。空处表示自然而然的结果，主语They和动词cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
2．involves 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
3．In 解析 考查介词。in addition此外，除此之外，为固定搭配。
4．what 解析 考查连词。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what引导该主语从句。
5．choice 解析 考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词。 6．to attend 解析 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
7．those 解析 考查代词。空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故用代词those。 8．warmly 解析 考查词性转换。副词作状语修饰动词hosted。
9．a 解析 考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
10．healthy 解析 考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的名词baby，表示“一个健康的婴儿”，故用形容词。