发布时间 : 星期二 文章新公共管理的现状-外文文献及翻译更新完毕开始阅读
The New Public Management Situation
Owen E. Hughes Monash University Management (Australia)
No doubt, many countries in the world, and both developed countries and developing
countries, in the late 1980s and early 1990s began a continuous public sector
management reform movement. The reform movement is still in many aspects
government continue to the organization and management of the influence. People in
these reforms view repudiating them. Critics especially in Britain and the United
States, critics say the new mode of various problems exist, but also does not have the
international prevailing reform of public management, could not be called paradigm.
Criticism from almost every aspect of the change. Most of the academic criticism
belong to the mouth. Different schools of thought in detail discussion, The academic
journal articles and abstraction, from reality. At the same time, in the practice of
public management and implementation of the reform and the change. As I in other
articles in the thought, in most countries, the traditional public administrative mode
for public management mode has been replaced. The reform of public department
responded to the realities of several interrelated problems, including: the function of
public sector provide public services of low efficiency, Economic theory of change,
Private sector related changes impact of globalization, especially as a kind of
economic power, Technology changes made decentralization and better control
globally becomes possible. The administrative management can be divided into three
stages: the development of distinct phases, and public administration before
traditional pattern and public management reform stage. Each stage has its own
management mode. From a stage of transition to the next stage is not easy, from the
traditional public administration to public administration has not yet completed the
transition. But it was only a matter of time. Because the new mode of theoretical basis
is very strong. The new public management movement \
is not only a debate in the booming, and in most developed countries have taken the
2best management mode of expression. The traditional administrative mode than it's
age is a great reform, but that time has passed. A traditional pattern Obviously, in the late 19th century bureaucracy system theory, not sound already exists some form of administrative management. Public administration has a long
history, and it is the concept of a government and the rise of civilization as history. As
the case Glad2den Osama bin laden (point), a model of administrative since the
government appears has existed. First is endowed with founder or leader, then is the
social or administrative person to organizers of eternity. Administration management
or business is all in social activities, although not among factors, but the glow of
social sustainable development is of vital importance. Recognized administrative
system in ancient Egypt is already exists, its jurisdiction from the Nile flooding
caused by the year to build the pyramids irrigation affairs. China is adopted in the han
dynasty, Confucian norms that government should be elected, not according to the
background, but according to the character and ability, the government's main goal is
to seek the welfare of the people. In Europe, various empire - Greek, Roman, and the
holy Roman, Spain's administrative empire, they first by the central through various
rules and procedures. Weber's thought, \
simultaneously with \
these countries in different ways, but they have common features, it can be called
before modern. Namely, the administrative system of early essence is the
personification of, or the establishment in Max Weber's \
to the king or minister certain human foundation, not is personified, With allegiance
to the organization or individual basis rather than for the foundation. Although there
are such a viewpoint that administration itself not only praise from traditional mode,
the characteristic of early but often leads to seek personal interests corruption or abuse
of power. In the early administrative system, we now feel very strange approach has
the functions of government administration is generally behavior. All those who walk
official tend to rely on friends or relatives for work or buy officer, which means the
3money to buy the first officer or tax officials, and then out to the customer to money,
which is the first to buy officer recovery investment cost, and can make a fortune.
America in the 19th century FenFei system of \
changed at the same time, the government of all administrative position is changed.
Modern bureaucracy is before \
special\
rational, concrete, achievement orientation and common\
often inefficient: nepotism means incompetent not capable person was arranged to
positions of leadership, FenFei political corruption, in addition to making often still
exist serious low efficiency. The enormous success of traditional administrative
pattern that early practice looks strange. Specialization and not politicized
administrative in our opinion is so difficult to imagine that trace, there exist other
system. Western administrative system even simple selection of officials to pass the
exam, until 1854, Britain and north G..M. Trevelyan report after Northcote - began to
establish in China, although the system has long passage. The traditional public administrative pattern In the late 19th century, additionally one kind of pattern on the world popular, this is
the so-called traditional administrative pattern. Its main theoretical basis from several
countries, namely, the American scholars and Germany Woodrow Wilson of Max
Weber's, people put their associated with bureaucracy model, Frederick Tyler
systematically elaborated the scientific management theory, the theory of the private
sector from America, for public administration method was provided. And the other
theorists, Taylor without focusing on public sector, but his theory was influential in
this field. The three traditional public administration mode is theorist of main effect.
In other countries, plus G..M. Trevelyan and North America, the state administration
of administrative system, especially the Wilson has produced important influence. In
the 19th century, the north G..M. Trevelyan and put forward through the examination
and character, and appointed officials put forward bias and administrative neutral
point of view. The traditional administrative pattern has the following features:
41. The bureaucracy. The government shall, according to the principle of bureaucratic
rank and organization. The German sociologist Max Weber bureaucracy system of a
classic, and analysis. Although the bureaucracy in business organizations and other
tissues, but it is in the public sector got better and longer.
2. The best way of working and procedures are in full manual detail codes, for
administrative personnel to follow. Strictly abide by these principles will run for the