天津专版2018年高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第一讲动词与动词短语

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方法1 积累与比较

高考中很多题型都涉及动词或动词短语的辨析,平时要注意词汇的积累以及某些动词及动词短语横向或纵向的比较。记忆单词时,关键要记住动词的词义,同时要注意动词的用法。动词词义辨析已经成为高考必考考点。如:

[典例] Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏,22) A.accelerate C.perform 答案 D

分析 动词develop具有多种含义,可表示“发展,加强,冲洗(照片),开发”等,应注意积累其在不同语境中的运用。在本题中develop表示“开发、发展”。英语中很多词都是一词多义,还有很多搭配都是约定俗成的,考生在平时的学习过程中需要不断积累。 方法2 挖掘与拓展

英语动词和动词短语的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是高考的一个热点。每年的高考英语考试大纲中虽列出了单词和短语,但并未注明其具体的含义,这就给命题者留下自由的伸缩空间。所以平时复习时,不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义,要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如: [典例] Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏,30) A.fallen off C.turned off 答案 B

分析 本题中take off意为“成功”。动词短语take off具有多种意思,除了表示“起飞,脱掉,成功”,还可以表示“匆忙离开”,如:He took off at once and headed back to the motel.他匆匆离开了,然后回到了那家汽车旅馆。

B.taken off D.left off B.improve D.develop

强化练(一) 题组1

1.After talking with her teacher for about an hour,she felt relieved and began to know how to ________ this kind of situation.(2017·天津十二所重点中学二模,3) A.handle C.explore 答案 A

B.raise D.strengthen

解析 句意为:和老师谈了大约一个小时后,她感到如释重负,开始懂得如何应对这种情况了。由空后的situation可知选A。handle处理,应付(局势、人、工作或感情等)。 2.Bob and Helen quarreled with each other last night but they soon ________.

(2017·红桥区二模,8)

A.turned up C.made up 答案 C

解析 句意为:鲍伯和海伦昨晚吵了一架,但他们很快就和好了。make up和解,和好,符合句意。turn up出现;put up举起,张贴;show up到场,露面。 3.—How do you ________ we go to Shanghai for our holidays?

—I think we’d better take a train there.It’s much safer and cheaper.(2017·河东区二模,8) A.insist C.suppose 答案 D

解析 句意为:——你建议我们怎么去上海度假?——我认为我们最好乘火车去那里。乘火车更安全也更便宜。由表示方式的关键信息词How和答语可知选D。 4.—It’s a good idea.But who’s going to ________ the plan? —I think Michael and Ken will.(2017·河西区二模,6) A.carry out C.get through 答案 A

解析 句意为:——这是个好主意,但是谁去实施这个计划呢?——我认为Michael和Ken会去。carry out实施,执行,符合句意。take in吸收,领会,欺骗;get through完成;set aside把……放置一旁,不理会,留出。

5.Readers can ________ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

(2017·河东区二模,7)

A.get over C.get along 答案 C

解析 句意为:读者即便不知道每个词的确切含义也能应付自如。get along对付,应付,常和without连用。

6.—How do you find Professor Smith’s speech last night?

—To be frank,his speech didn’t ________ to me.(2017·天津十二所重点中学一模,

B.get in D.get through B.take in D.set aside B.want D.suggest B.put up D.showed up

3)

A.appeal C.refer 答案 A

解析 句意为:——你觉得史密斯教授昨晚的演讲怎么样?——坦率地说,他的演讲没有引起我的兴趣。appeal to对……有吸引力,符合句意。belong to属于;refer to涉及,参考;occur to被想到,(主意)浮现在头脑中。

7.Colours like green can ________ a sense of life and quietness to people.(2017·河西区二模,4) A.acquire C.investigate 答案 D

解析 句意为:像绿色这样的颜色可以给人们传达一种生机勃勃和宁静的感觉。convey传达,传递,符合句意。acquire获得,学到;remark评论;investigate调查。

8.What you said doesn’t ________ what the police have told us,so we have to find more evidence.(2017·天津十二所重点中学一模,12) A.agree with C.contribute to 答案 A

解析 句意为:你所说的与警方告诉我们的不一致,所以我们必须找到更多的证据。agree with与……相符/一致,符合句意。make up和好,编造;contribute to促成,有助于;show off 炫耀,卖弄。

9.A new law which bans teenagers from smoking will _______ 90 days after the governor signs it.

(2017·河东区一模,12)

A.come into effect C.make an effort 答案 A

解析 句意为:一项禁止青少年吸烟的新法规将在州长签署后90天生效。come into effect开始生效,符合句意。come to power执政;make an effort作出努力;make a difference有影响,起(重要)作用。

10.The young man had floated in the river for nearly two hours before he was ________ by the fisherman.(2017·天津一中5月考,10) A.put up

B.made up B.come to power D.make a difference B.make up D.show off B.remark D.convey B.belong D.occur

C.picked up 答案 C

D.brought up

解析 put up 举起,提出;make up 组成,弥补;pick up 捡起,拾起;bring up 抚育,养大。根据句意可知在河上漂流,应该是渔夫把他从河里捡起/救起,故选C。

11.Mr Smith,may I have a word with you?I’ll try not to__________ too much of your time.

(2017·红桥区一模,11)

A.take on C.take in 答案 B

解析 take on承担,呈现,雇用;take up 占用,开始从事,接受;take in吸收,领会,欺骗;take off起飞,脱掉,突然成功。根据语境,此处是找别人谈话,应该是尽量不“占用”别人太多时间,故选B。

12.Nowadays more and more schools are beginning to________ new methods of teaching foreign languages.(2017·天津五校联考一模,2) A.adopt C.receive 答案 A

解析 adopt采用,收养;manage设法做;receive接受;treasure珍惜。根据句意可知,此处指很多学校开始“采用”新的外语教学方法,故选A。

13.In order to lose weight,the young lady prefers to ________ regularly rather than take expensive weight-losing pills.(2017·河西区一模,4) A.work out C.hang out 答案 A

解析 句意为:为了减肥,这位年轻的女士更愿意定期锻炼而不是吃昂贵的减肥药。work out锻炼,解决;leave out遗漏,省去;hang out挂出,闲逛;figure out解决,算出。故选A。

14.How could you ________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?

(2017·河北区一模,9)

A.turn off C.turn down 答案 C

B.turn in D.turn to B.leave out D.figure out B.manage D.treasure B.take up D.take off

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