发布时间 : 星期六 文章定语从句和同位语从句的异同更新完毕开始阅读
5．He spoke of a pen-friend，the name of whom ／whose name I've never forgotten．他提到过一个笔友，他的名字我从未忘记。
6．About 2，000people，many of whom were Europeans，worked on the project．大约两千人从事过这项工程，其中很多是欧洲人。
7．In his office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu．他办公室有9个职员，其中最年轻的是刘先生。
8．I decided to write about Chaplin，one of whose films I had seen several years before．我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。
9．We went to hear this famous singer， about whom we had heard many stories．我们去听这个著名的歌唱家演唱。我们已经听说了有关他的很多故事。 品黄黑MYK 10．Mr Pattis，in whose office Ms King was working，was very surprised when he found out her secret．金女士在帕蒂思办公室工作。他发现她的秘密时感到非常惊奇。 五、when，where引导非限制性定语从句时，作定语从句的状语。when ＝and then， where ＝and there。why不引导非限制性定语从句。
1．He was quickly taken to hospital，where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King's legs．金先生很快被送去住院，在那里一个医生要检查他的腿。
2．We will put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy．我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么忙了。
3．He went to America in 1912，where and when he was noticed by an important film director．他在1912年去了美国，当时他在那里引起了一个重要电影导演的注意。 在prep．where ／when非限制性定语从句里，where ＝there，when ＝then。 4．His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees．他的头很快从第二层楼的一个窗户伸出来了，从那里他只能看见树木。 5．That was in 1929，since when things have been better．那是在1929年，从那时起情况就已经好转了。
6．I went to bed at ten，before when I was reading for an hour．我10点去睡觉，在那时以前我看了1小时的书。
有时候where ／when可以用prep．which替换。
7．The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own，where they would be free to keep black slaves．南方各州要建立一个属于他们自己的国家，在那里他们将自由地保留黑人奴隶。
8．I still remembered January 10，on which ／when he came to see me．我仍然记得1月10日，那一天他来看我了。
练习题：用所给的词语填空。少数可以用多次。
A．as B．which C．who D．whom E．whose F．when G．where H．by which time I．from which J．from whom K．north of which L．some of whom M ．the biggest of which 1．Dick is going to join in the football game，____was agreed at the meeting． 2．My brother had been an engineer，____ was what he wanted to be．
3．He reached Beijing in 1998，____， some time later，he became a professor． 4． ____is said above，the number of the students in our school has increased． 5．Write a letter to a friend，____has some difficulties with his studies． 6．There are four rooms in the house，____ is a drawing room．
7．We will move into the new house next week，____it will be completed．
8．When lost in work，he often was，____he would forget all about eating and sleeping．
9．He is a model worker，____we can learn a lot．
10．They had to delay the sports meet till next week，____the weather will be fine． 11．The workers，____stayed there for two years，came from Africa． 12．The building over there is a hospital，____ is a small river．
13．We shall have to make a decision about Ms King，____story I've just told you． 14．Mr Liu，____I spoke of just now， would go to Australia．
15．The Nile，____electricity is produced，now runs regularly below the dam．
Keys：1．A／B2．B3．G4．A（As）5．C6．M 7．H 8．A 9．J10．F 11．L 12．K 13．E 14．C ／D 15．I
在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常省略，却给理解增加了困难。在近几年的高考试题中，省略现象也十分常见，其基本要点总结如下： 一、并列句中某些相同成分的省略。
This beeper works well, but that one doesn't (work well). 这个寻呼机工作正常, 但那个就不行。
I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. 我读大学，我妹妹读高中。
二、在when, while, if, as if, though, until, once, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中, 常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。
When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 当我有困难时总是找她帮助。
The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。 三、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。
It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。
It is the third time (that)I have come to China.这是我第三次来中国。
四、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom, which, that。 That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week. 他就是我们上周议论的那个淘气男孩。
Is this the radio (that/which) you bought last Saturday? 这是你上周六买的收音机吗? 五、在direction(方向), way(方式), distance(距离), time(时间), times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which。
The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed. 我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。
The distance (which或that)light travels in one second is 300, 000 kilometers. 光每秒走的距离是30万公里。
六、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。 Open the door! 开门! Why not? 为什么不? Why so? 为什么这样?
Anybody wishing to go? 谁愿意去啊?
七、用so, not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 — Can Emily do this work?埃米莉能做这项工作吗? — I think so.我想她行。
— Did you know anything about it?这件事你以前知道吗? — Not until you told me.你告诉了我, 我才知道。
八、在特定的上下文里, 为了避免重复, 作谓语、宾语或宾语补足语的不定式再次出现时, to后的内容常承前省略, 只保留不定式符号 “to”。 I don't go swimming now but I used to. 我现在不去游泳但我过去常去(游泳)。
You can't work alone in the lab unless you are allowed to. 除非得到允许, 你不能单独在实验室工作。
注意：不定式to之后的动词是be或助动词have时, 要保留to后的be 或have。如： China is no longer what it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。
— Have you told Allen about the concert? 你告诉艾伦音乐会的情况了吗? — Sorry, but I ought to have. 对不起, 我本应该(告诉她的)。
九、新闻标题要求简练醒目, 需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分。 Boy 14, rescued from cliff face. (A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.) 从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩。
American President to fly to London. (American President is to fly to London.) 美国总统将飞往伦敦。
十、注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。 They are (of) the same age. 他们年龄相同。 There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more. 再向她解释这件事是无用的。 单元交际功能 表示焦虑和担心 How terrible! 太可怕了！
It makes me feel worried. 这让我感到很着急。
It makes my hair stand on end. 这令我毛骨悚然。
It makes me feel uneasy when I see her. 看到她使我感到不自在。
It's a frightening thing to kill so many miners in the accident. 那么多矿工在事故中遇难身亡，真是太可怕了。 I'm really frightened to death to see the snake. 看到蛇我吓得半死。
He got into a total panic when he saw the drowning child. 看到孩子溺水他慌作一团。 I dare not go out alone at night. 晚上我不敢一个人外出。
What's really scary is that the hurricane has caused so many losses.
真正令人恐惧的是飓风造成这么大的损
定语从句必须有先行词，这是关键，其次从句是对先行词起限定修饰作用，如果去掉先行词后面的从句，句子的成分不少,满足以上两个条件的就是了。
定语从句与同位语从句：
定语从句：看从句部分，它的从句部分缺少成分。
同位语从句：从句部分不缺成分，并且从句部分是对抽象先行词的解释说明。例如，从句可以解释idea这样的词。
定语从句与宾语从句：
定语从句前一定会有先行词(即名词)且带上which,that
宾语从句在句子中的成分是担任宾语.而宾语在句子中起动作的对象的作用..而定语是用来修饰名词的.这就是他们的本质的区别..
什么时候用THAT而不用WHICH,什么时候用WHICH而不用THAT?
答：一、只用that不用which的情况
1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：
Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。 I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。 2、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的，表示强调）等词修饰时。例如： The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。 That's the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如： The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。 4、被修饰词为数词时。例如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。 你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。 5、主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句： There's still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。 6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。