发布时间 : 星期五 文章研究生英语精读教程教师参考书（第三版上）-参考答案及授课详解更新完毕开始阅读
taste ... no taste at all” is a predicative clause with the connective word “that” omitted.
3. Para. [5]: Since the 18th century when taste was first discussed, people have believed that it was an endowment of an elite, handed down to those poor souls below who wanted to better themselves.
Here “handed down ... to better themselves” is a participial phrase which functions as an adverbial and gives an accompanying state. The adverb “below” in this participial phrase modifies its antecedent “souls”. 4. Para. [7]：Learn these and you’re in there with the tastemakers. Here “be in ... with” means “to be friendly with”. Other examples:
① They are in with the junior executive set. ② As he was in with the management, he got to know things before the other employees did. 5. Para. [9]: Underpinning what is always thought to be good taste are recurrent ideas such as refinement, restraint, appropriateness and good manners.
Here in the sentence there is an inversion of subject and verb:“Underpinning ...
Unit Seven 63
are recurrent ideas ... ” The clause “what is always thought to be good taste” is an object clause. It is the object of the verb “underpin”.
6. Para. [18]: It cannot be long before it is generally realised that perfect proportions and understated elegance are superior to meretricious ornament, flashy surfaces and products outstanding only for the degree of social pretentiousness they exude.
This is a complex sentence. The principal clause is “It cannot be long”. “It” here is used with expression of time. The subordinate clause is “before it is generally realised that ... they exude”. It is an adverbial clause of time. Notice here: “it” is used as a formal subject, the real subject is the following that-clause. And in this “that-clause” an attributive clause “they exude” is introduced, qualifying the antecedent “pretentiousness”.
Word Study
1. keep up with remain level with, be fully informed of ① Tom worked hard to keep up with the other students. ② How do you keep up with the latest styles in fashion? ③ It is extremely important for us to keep up with the changes in the international situation. 2. (may/might) as well (do sth.) without loss and possibly with gain ① You may as well wait upstairs. ② I may as well tell you straight away that I really cannot do much about it. ③ After the dog ran away, father thought he might as well sell the dog house. 3. sketch n.
(1) a simple, rough drawing done quickly without much detail ① He has done a new sketch of Lady Gregory. ② The artists made several sketches before beginning the final painting. (2) a brief written or spoken description; an outline ① The book began with a sketch of the author’s life. ② I will give you a sketch of what has happened. 64
研究生英语精读教程
教师参考书（第三版/上）
4. enchant v. fill with delight; charm
① The beautiful house enchanted everyone who saw it. ② He was enchanted by/with the idea. ③ We were enchanted with the performance of the opera. (The performance of the opera enchanted us. ) enchanting adj.
① She is an enchanting girl. ② I have long thought of it as the most enchanting village in England. enchanted adj.
The musicians were given a standing ovation by the enchanted audience. 5. recurrent adj. happening again and again; repeated ① He suffers from recurrent pains in his head. ② Inflation will be the recurrent problem we must face. ③ She tried to rid herself of the recurrent memories of her unhappy childhood. 6. restraint n. quality of being calm or controlled, of not showing strong
feelings
① I think you showed great restraint in not hitting him after what he said. ② The wise man exercises restraint in his behaviour and enjoyments. ③ A work of art should show just the right amount of restraint. 7. alternative n. a chance to choose or decide between two or more
possible things, courses of action, etc.; something that may be taken or chosen instead of one or more others
① I’m afraid I have no alternative but to cancel the project. ② There is but one alternative, we must leave. ③ The judge offered the criminal the alternative of a fine or six months in prison. 8. excess n. something more than is reasonable; lack of moderation ① His excesses in drinking shortened his life. ② An excess of rain may cause disastrous consequences. to excess
① It is harmful to eat to excess. Unit Seven 65
② She is generous to excess. ③ Don’t carry your grief to excess. 9. be better off be in a better position; be wise to choose (doing something) ① You’d be better off leaving the country. ② Because of his asthma, he would be better off in a different climate. be well/badly off have (not) a lot of money or supplies of something ① Jim is not rich, but he’s not badly off. ② It doesn’t matter if your husband isn’t well off, if he can make you happy. 参 考 译 文
高雅，庸俗
斯蒂芬·贝利
[1] 你所拥有的东西，正像你所追赶的社会时尚一样，无疑能说明你的情趣。 你买的每件物品都显示出你的某种爱好，而这种爱好是你的伴侣或最亲密的朋友 在你们的亲密交往中也没有察觉到的。你每次购物都在运用你的情趣。 [2] 在大规模生产的时代以前，情趣是属于有教养的社会名流的范畴。但
是，当全民都第一次成为消费者之后，情趣就走出沙龙来到了大街上。突然间， 每个人都有了进行选择的机会。
[3] 不可能客观存在像“高雅” 或“ 庸俗” 这样的东西。还是小说家阿诺德· 贝内特说得好：高雅的情趣也许比庸俗的好，但庸俗的情趣肯定比根本不讲情趣 要强。
[4] 运用情趣并不难。你先确定你希望你所拥有的各种东西反映出何种情
趣，然后再根据情况进行安排和协调。但是，请注意：并非每一个决定或选择都 会令你感到高兴的。如果你要买一个玛瑙烟灰缸，那还不如租一块广告牌向世界 宣布：“我上当了，让那些玩世不恭的家伙骗了，他们用华而不实的玩意儿诱我 上了钩。”
[5] 自18 世纪首次讨论情趣以来，人们就认为情趣是高贵者们赏给那些希 66
研究生英语精读教程
教师参考书（第三版/上）
望提高修养的可怜的下层人的一种恩赐。这就向倡导时髦风尚的人( 他们或是维 多利亚统治时期的贵族式官僚，或是今天专门从事介绍人们花钱买老式家具的一 帮圆滑的“ 室内装饰家”) 打开了市场。
[6] 但是，情趣问题只是属于家庭的一个线索吗? 不。情趣是一整套价值观 体系的体现。这是指你自己的价值观。
[7] 要做到理解情趣就意味着你应该确信自己的选择。看看情趣的历史，你 就会发现，它就像是人类文明史的梗概：200年来，洛可可式、古典式、哥特 式、流线式以及后来的劳拉·阿什利式都相继成为受欢迎的情趣表现形式。虽然 只有才华横溢的艺术家和设计师才能预见这种种变化，但是任何人都能理解其中 的原则。尽管情趣的历史是一部变化、对抗和回潮的历史，但还是有某些模式不 断反复出现。了解这些模式，你就会和倡导时髦风尚的人相处得很好。 [8] 规则很简单。没有一种情趣是默然接受和像俾格米人那样陶醉于水晶珠 和魔镜。不懂情趣，人家给你什么你就接受什么，心灵不为所动。高雅的情趣就
是要在意，要选择，要通过积极的鉴别行动而使你的环境甚至你个人的仪表更讨 人喜爱，更惹人注目。
[9] 始终被人们认为是高雅的情趣，证实有着一些反复出现的观念，比如优 雅、有节制、举止得体。这些品质都能引起愉悦；反之，过分粗俗终归不会令人 满意。
[10] 因此，请将这些观念牢记在心，看看你所拥有的东西，再想想你所拥 有的东西所表明的情趣。
[11] · 你为什么要戴只金手表? 用金子做手表并不恰当。用钢或塑料会更 好些。或许你是想要看起来像个发家的军火商吧。
[12] · 你那装在仿真画框里的康斯特布尔油画的复制品向世人表明：“ 我不 懂艺术，也不在乎。” 若是一幅海内肯啤酒的广告画倒是显得更与众不同。 [13] · 你那图案难看的地毯只是为了一个目的：乔装打扮“ 肮脏”。如果你 有一块洁净而色彩朴素的地毯，你不觉得更自豪些吗?
[14]· 你选择的带“ 诚实” 图案的面包片烤箱则向人们宣布你是这样一种 人——这种人会愉快地承认：“ 我喜欢买那些玩世不恭的人卖的蹩脚货。不论推 销部门推出任何东西，对我来说都不错??” 如果“ 田园厨房” 是你想要的式样， 那你买个烘糕饼用的烤盘会更好些。
[15] 这些产品都是骗人的。情趣真正庸俗的人也很少挑选这类东西，而情
趣高雅的人则从不会挑选这类东西。只有那些根本不讲情趣的人才买它们??而
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根本不讲情趣就等于说：“ 我无所谓。”
[16] 将来，你会越来越多地碰到需要做出选择的情况，而不会比现在少。
由于变化速度的加快，使得款式紧跟时尚，有关情趣的决定只能是越来越经常的 事了。
[17] 最初这会导致更大量的选择机会，可能甚至比一百多年前消费革命时
期出现的生产与消费大爆炸时还要多。但是，人们很快就会发现，当任何产品都 能推出来的时候，??并没有很多产品真正为消费者所喜爱。
[18] 当有更多的消费者运用情趣时，就需要生产厂商制造出更好的、更体
面的产品。不需要很久人们就会普遍认识到，完美的比例以及含蓄的优雅要优于 浮华的装饰、华而不实的外表和那些旨在炫耀社会地位非凡而引起他人看重的产 品。
[19] 如果你考虑一下就会发现，你更喜欢整齐和有节制。这些特点终归要
比混乱和无节制更令人感到满足。还有，请记住，情趣决不是花钱多少的问题； 吃一片好的切德奶酪比许多奢华的筵席还好。
[20] 有关情趣的规则就是这些：优雅、有节制、举止得体。 [21] 你敢不要这些吗?
Key to the Exercises
Exercise A
Ⅰ. Comprehension
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A