发布时间 : 星期四 文章2018年高考前黄高级中学、如东高级中学、姜堰中学等五校高三上学期第一次学情监测英语试题更新完毕开始阅读
began my do-over.
It took me almost three years to learn how to read. I started with my son’s books. 49 , I practiced reading books to him until I remembered all the words in every one of them. I began to wonder if it were possible for me to go back to school. I knew I wanted to be a good role 50 , so after a year-and-a-half and a lot of hard work, I 51 my GED test on my son’s fourth birthday. This may not sound like much, and I’m surely not trying to get praise for doing something that should have been done 52 , but all things considered it was one of the best days in my life. Today, I’m a full-time college student, studying to 53 sociologist.
It’s funny, growing up I always heard these great 54 stories of triumph over shortcomings. But I never thought they 55 to me. Now I believe it’s a choice anyone can make: to do it all over again. 36. A. determination 37. A. started 38. A. skeptical
B. wish B. stopped
C. application C. considered C. disrespectful C. compensation
D. choice D. fancied D. suspicious D. competence D. undoubtedly D. meet with D. taken D. Therefore D. occasion D. motivation D. overcoming D. authentic D. career D. Now and then D. tutor D. comb through D. in first place D. make D. turn-off D. adapted
B. defensive B. compromise B. hopelessly B. deal with B. stuck
39. A. consequence 40. A. alternatively 41. A. do with 42. A. struck
C. approximately C. conflict with C. lost
43. A. Nevertheless 44. A. cost
B. Meanwhile B. comer
C. Furthermore C. point
45. A. ambition 46. A. avoiding 47. A. flexible 48. A. name
B. technique B. preventing B. enterprising B. statue
C. opportunity C. undertaking C. fragile C. title
49. A. By and by 50. A. model
B. Over and over B. leader
C. Back and forward C. example
51. A. got through B. went through C. pull through C. at first hand C. grow C. pull-out C. attached
52. A. for the first time 53. A. become
B. in the first place B. turn B. take-off B. applied
54. A. turn-around 55. A. appealed
第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
NEW YEAR’S
RESOLUTION THAT LASTS
Let’s say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.
Here’s how it works:
A habit is a 3-step process. First, there’s a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there’s a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It’s what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.
Here’s how to apply it:
Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick a reward---say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won’t need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?
56. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?
A. Pick a new cue. C. Choose a new reward. B. Form a new habit. D. Design a new resolution.
57. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use? A. To test out different kinds of cues. B. To work out the best New Year's resolution. C. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards. D. To do something as a habit even without rewards.
B
After my pubic lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but disappointing: We’re almost certainly evolving, but we don’t know in what direction or how fast.
We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia (千年), but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk~ gained the ability to digest dairy products. This trait was useless in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired genetic adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the evidence for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.
The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” disagree. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have controlled evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in all species: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of change. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now in our hands.”
According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “unnatural selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fish selects in favor of those that reproduce when younger and smaller.
Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we're completely changing evolution on the planet does not follow. Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger. This
phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction (极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.
The authors speak with unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they assert, for example, our ingestion (摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’s brains are evolving fast,” they are overplaying their hand and abusing the word “evolution.” Out children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological (药理学的) environment, but change alone is not evolution.
58. The two examples in Paragraph 2 are given to . A. show in what direction humans evolve B. explain the importance of DNA sequences
C. illustrate the evidence for evolution of our entire species is insufficient D. demonstrate how slow humans have evolved over the past few millennia 59. The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” claim that . A. humans dominate the future of other life B. fish become smaller because of natural selection C. humans are to blame for changing the planet for the worse
D. the boundary between natural selection and unnatural selection is unfixed 60. What is the major question discussed in the passage? A. Are humans still evolving? B. Is unnatural selection powerful? C. Are humans the main driver of evolution? D. Does evolution require many genetic changes?
C
Dishonesty is a slippery slope. If you behave dishonestly once, you may become more likely to do so again in the future, a new study from England showed. The reason may be that the brain grows less sensitive to self-serving dishonest behavior over time, the researcher said.
In the study, the researchers asked 80 adults aged 18 to 65 to advise a second person about the amount of money in a glass jar of pennies. In several of the trials, conditions made sure dishonesty benefited the participants. For example, the researchers might promise the participants a higher reward if their partners overestimated the number of pennies in the jar.