2. 词缀与语法成分1

发布时间 : 星期一 文章2. 词缀与语法成分1更新完毕开始阅读

thinker思想家; guesser猜测者;translator翻译者;conductor导体;physicist 物理学家;dentist牙医;employee雇员;trainee受训人员;physician内科医生;Italian意大利人;Japanese; assistant助手,servant,

b. –ance, -ence, -(a)tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment, -ness, -th, -ty, -ure, -ship构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词 acceptance接受; assistance帮助; dependence依靠; confidence信心; repetition重复; preparation准备; discussion讨论; division分开; physics物理学; fabrics纺织品; building建筑; wedding婚礼; reality现实; ability能力; settlement解决; argument争论; greatness伟大; hardness硬度; warmth温暖; length长度; safety安全; penalty(与刑罚有关的)惩罚; failure失败; pressure压力; friendship友谊; leadership领导

2) 形容词后缀,如 –able, - ible(能够…的, 具有…性质的, 处于…状态的), -al(与…有关的), -ful (充满…的,引起…的,具有…特性的), -less(没有的,不能的), ish(…民族的,…地区的,有…特征的(贬义),有点…的,稍微…的), -like(有…特征的,适于…的), -ive(有…性质或作用的), -ous(具有…的), -an(…地方的人,精通…的人), -ic(与…有关的,受…影响的), -ly(每隔…时间,象…样的), -y(覆盖…的,有…倾向的,易于…的), -ant, -ent(处于…状态的), -ary(与…有关的), -en (由…制成的,变成,变得)等。

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Available可获得的, suitable适合的, responsible负责的, permissible允许的, natural自然地 , national国家的, powerful强大的, faithful忠诚的, fearless无畏的, useless无用的, selfish自私的, childish幼稚的, collective集体的, decisive决定性的, famous著名的, continuous连续不断的, American, European, historic有历史意义的, scientific科学的, friendly有好的, lively活泼的, thirsty口渴的, noisy, significant重大的, pleasant令人愉悦的, dependent依赖的, consistent一贯的, secondary次要的, imaginary想象中的, golden金色的, wooden木制的. economic & economical

The 20th century has seen rapid economic growth in China.

The older generation pay too much attention to economical factor when making a purchase.

They are discussing problems.

We should be of our money and time. Historic(历史有名的) & historical(历史学的) The falling of Berlin Wall is a historic occasion.

After years of hard working, they finally discovered some historical tombs.墓穴

Dashuaifu is the house of Zhang Xueliang and his wife. classic 典范的& classical 古典的 经典的 It is a classic example.

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This is a really classic French champagne.香槟酒 Now only a few study the classical music of India. 3) 动词后缀,如-en, -(i)fy, -ize美/ise英, 等。 -en darken heighten sharpen shorten

-(i)fy solidify(凝固,团结) beautify modify ()修饰 verify 证实

-ize/ise modernize symbolize realize 4) 副词后缀,如-ly, -ward(s), -wise, 等。 -ly naturally publicly

-ward(s) homewards downward eastward

-wise clockwise education-wise likewise otherwise

给下列各词添加适当的后缀

pure, urban, brother, real, broad, month, beast, haste, fast, revolution, system, 词性与语法成分

不同的词性充当不同的语法成分,不同的语法成分要求不同的词性,二者互相制约。在语法与词汇的考试部分以用词汇的不同形式填空为主。 例:

名词与形容词修饰关系

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·As we all know, iron is the most (use)_______ metal in industry. 此句考察的是修饰名词metal的语法成分,名词应该由具有形容词性质的词汇来修饰,因此想到use的形容词形式useful, useless,但是语意要求填入肯定意义的词,因此答案为前者。

·He is a pleasant, (friend) _______ man who gets on well with everyone here.

此题考察的是修饰名词man 的语法成分,形容词修饰名词,-ly可加到名词后面构成形容词。答案为friendly. 此时有两种形式:1. 表称谓的名词 + ly ,意思为 象… 一样的,如motherly, manly, beastly, scholarly;2. 时间名词 + ly, 意思为 以 … 为周期的,如daily, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, yearly。

·In this profession, training and experience are of equal (important) .

此题考察的是形容词修饰的语法成分,形容词equal 修饰名词,-ance可以加在形容词或动词后面变成名词,意思为 具有… 的性质,… 状态等。如:

·He failed in his mathematics examination because of his (care) work.

此题考察的是修饰名词的语法成分,形容词修饰名词, -ful 和-less都是可以加到名词后面的形容词词缀。前者为肯定意思,后者为否定意思。根据语意,此题需要否定意义的形容词,因此,答案为careless.

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