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英语语言学教程答案
【篇一：新编简明英语语言学教程第一次作业及答案】
ass=txt>i. decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.
1. linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. ( t )
2. linguistics studies particular language, not language in general. ( f )
3. a scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. (f)
4. in the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. ( t )
5. general linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. ( t )
6. general linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistics study. ( f ) 7. modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. ( f )
8. modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. ( t )
9. a diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. ( f )
10. the distinction between competence and performance was proposed by saussure. ( f )
ii. fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.
1. chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s knowledge______ of the rules of his language.
2. langue refers to the abstract_______ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.
3. duality______ is one of the desing features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language
consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
4. language is a system of arbitrary_________vocal symbols used for human communication.
5. parole____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 6. findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. the study of such application is generally known as applied_____ linguistics. 7. language is productive________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. in other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before. 8. linguistics is generally defined as the scientific______ study of languge.
9. if a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive_______. 10. modern linguistics regards the written language as secondary_______.
iii. there are four choices following each statement. mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
d1. which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
d2. in modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because______.
a. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
b. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed
c. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue d. all of the above.
b3. a historical study of language is a ________ study of language.
a. synchronic b. diachronicc. prescriptive d. comparative a4. sausure took a(n) ________ view of language, while chomsky looks at language from a ______ point of view. a. sociological, psychological b. psychological, sociological c. applied, pragmatic d. semantic, linguistic
c5. according to saussure, ______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
a. parole b. performance c. langue d. language
b6. language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meaning. a. sense b. sounds c. objects d. ideas
a7. language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. this feature is called_______.
a. displacement b. dualityc. flexibility d. cultural transmission d8. the details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _______rather than by instinct. a. learning b. teaching c. books d. both a and b c9. which of the following words is not motivated? a. bang b. blackboard c. pen d. meow
d10. what is the function of the sentence: “hi! how are you this moring?”
a. emotive function b. conative function c. poetic functiond. phatic function iv. terms explanation 1. linguistics
linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. language
language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication 3. arbitrariness
arbitrariness means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.
4. productivity
language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. 5. displacement
language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far away places. in other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
6. langue
langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 7. parole
parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 8. competence
chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 9. performance
chomsky defines performance as the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. 10. duality
language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels.
v. short answer questions
1. what are the design features of human language? illustrate them with examples.
2. how is modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?
3. how do you understand the distinction between a synchronic study and a diachronic study?
4. what are the major distinction between langue and parole? 5. how do you understand competence and performance? 6. saussure’s distinction between langue and parole seems similar to chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance. what do you think are their major differences? 7. do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? why? 8. what are the main functions of language according to jacobson’s framework?
9. explains the three macrofunctions of language in holliday’s system.
10. what are the major branches of linguistics? what does each of them study?
【篇二：《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版 课后习题
答案 chapter 7】
> 1. the vocabulary of english consists of native and also
thousands of borrowed words. look up the following words in a dictionary which provides the etymologies (history) of words.