发布时间 : 星期日 文章新世纪大学英语综合教程1-第二版-课文详解-Lecture Notes - U2更新完毕开始阅读
对学生来说不是很有帮助。 3 有很长一段时间，人们认为学好一门语言唯一的方法就是去使用那种语言的国家待上一段时间。当然去英国、美国、或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生具有很大优势，但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词，那就错了，反之亦然。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的，更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。
4 现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效，可惜我们不是，这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾，否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易得多了。
5 我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其它任何语言。与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。值得牢记的是：语言是一种交际手段，人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。因此，人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西，听的读的材料必须真实自然。
6 还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果身边的其他学生能和我们在中一起学习，一起练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。
Good Usage （Para. 1）
according to these advertisements
with very little effort on the student’s part
a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens I don’t know whether to laugh or cry ridiculous claims or else
Good Usage (Para. 2)
as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible in simple language it is no use pretending in every possible situation
there are as many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers an individual with his own personality no doubt (that) to a certain extent
Good Usage (Para. 3)
have a great advantage over others afford to do
go to the opposite extreme it is wrong to assume that . a precise equivalent
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vice versa
provide students with . let alone
Good Usage (Para. 4) is based on
are fond of making students repeat phrases if we were parrots it is a pity
Good Usage (Para. 5) in my personal opinion unless he is interested in it relate them to their own lives
It is worth remembering that language … is a means of communication. is very similar to
Good Usage (Para. 6)
another relevant point worth mentioning
we need other people to talk to and listen to when …
Key Words and Expressions for Text A
personal a.
[no comp.] concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person; private [无比较级]个人的；私人的
e.g. 1. Please do not take what I said too seriously; it was just my personal opinion.
2. I don’t want to have a hand in his personal affairs. 我不愿意过问他个人的事。 CF: personal, private, individual
这些形容词均含“个人的，私人的”之意。
personal指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。例如： He learned this lesson the hard way — from his own personal experience. private指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。例如：
His children go to a private school.
individual与“集体的”相对，指“个别的”或“个体的”。例如： They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions.
claim vt.
declare to be true; state, esp. in the face of opposition; maintain(尤指面对反对意见)断言；声称；主张
e.g. 1. I don’t claim to be an expert, but I did study the subject when I was a university student.
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2. They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease. 他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。
n.
a statement that sth. is true or real, esp. one that other people may disagree with 声称；（尤指他人可能反对的）主张；断言
e.g. 1. Janet made a claim at our meeting — she wanted to have an office entirely to herself.
2. Though the work is broad in scope, it makes no claim to completeness. 尽管该作品涉及面很广，但它并不追求面面俱到。
on one’s part
of or by sb. 在某人一方；就某人而言
e.g. 1. It was an error on my part; I do feel sorry about that.
2. A frank question on his part led to a frank answer on mine. 他问题提到直率，因此我也回答得坦诚。
qualified a.
having suitable knowledge or qualifications, esp. for a job 有资格的，适合的，胜任的 e.g. 1. What makes you think that you are qualified for this job?
2. He is recognized to be a qualified announcer. 他被认为是合格的播音员。
ridiculous a.
derog deserving ridicule; silly or unreasonable 〖贬〗可笑的；荒谬的 e.g. 1. Don’t be ridiculous! You can’t pay $ 50 for a T-shirt like this.
2. I’m glad that ridiculous plan has finally been laid to rest. 我很高兴那个可笑的计划终于被取消了。
or else
otherwise; if not 否则；不然的话
e.g. 1. We must be there by six, or else we’ll miss the beginning of the movie.
2. He must be teasing, or else he’s mad. 他一定是在开玩笑, 不然他就是疯了。
natural a.
of or being what exists or happens ordinarily in the world, not caused, made or controlled by people 自然的，天然的；非人力所为的
e.g. 1. Tommy has the natural gifts of a football player.
2. Social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters. 自然灾害之后，出现了许多社会问题。 CF: normal, natural
这些形容词均含“规则的，正常的，正规的”之意。
normal：指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。例如： Our telephone lines are open during normal office hours. natural：侧重某人或某物的行为符合其固有特性。例如：
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Parents’ natural desire to protect their children should be counterbalanced by the child's need for independence.
it’s no use doing sth.
there is no point in doing sth. because it will not be successful or have a good result 做??没用处的，无益的
e.g. 1. It’s no use arguing with him any more; he is stubborn and would not listen to anyone.
2. It’s no use weeping over what can't be helped. 对于无能为力的事哭也没用。
argue vt.
give reasons why one thinks sth. is right or wrong, true or not true, especially persuade people that one is right 提出理由（企图）证明；（坚决）主张，认为 e.g. 1. She argued that all our efforts would be a waste of time.
2. Why do you always argue against me? 你为什么老说我的不是？
CF: argue, quarrel, debate, discuss
这些动词均含“辩论，争论，说理”之意。
argue指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
quarrel指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。
debate侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。
discuss最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。
individual n.
a single person or thing, considered separately from the class or group to which he, she, or it belongs 个人，个体
e.g. 1. The rights of the individual in a society are not unlimited.
2. He is an unimaginative individual who does everything by the book. 他是个一切照章办事、缺乏想象力的人。
no doubt
almost certainly, very probably 多半；很可能；必定 e.g. 1. No doubt Mary will call us when she gets there.
2. There can be no doubt that they will finally win out. 毫无疑问，他们会获得最后胜利。
to an / some / what / a certain / such an / extent
to the degree specified 到某种（什么/一定的/这样的）程度
e.g. 1. I do agree with you to a certain extent, but you need to speak to Jane about the matter.
2. Language is a reflector of a society to some extent. 从某种程度上来说，语言反映了社会。
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