发布时间 : 星期三 文章九种状语从句详解以及专项练习更新完毕开始阅读
状语从句
能力要求:了解状语从句的分类情况及各类状语从句中经常使用的连词； 能够在真实的语境中断定从句与主句的逻辑关系，从而使用恰当的连词完成交际； 能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法差异。
一、时间状语从句 1. when, while 和 as
1) when 既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作：
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. When the film ended, the people went back.
当when 引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以那个以as引出的省略句，来代替when引导的从句： As a young man ( = when he was a young man ), he was fond of hunting. 2) while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比： Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.
3) as 引导一个持续动作，多用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生： He hurried home, looking behind as he went. John sings as he works.
4) when 还可用作并列连词，其意义为at this / that time, 常用于下列句式： be doing sth. when … / be about to do sth. when … / had ( just ) sth. when … 此外，when 还可表示原因“既然”：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 5) while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比：
Mom was cooking in the kitchen while dad was watching TV in the sitting room. He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.
6) 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when 、while和 as可以互相换用：
When / While / As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
while必须与延续性动词连用；强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时，只能用while；表示“随着”只能用as； 表示有规律的“每当”时或主从句动作有先后时，只能用when. The plane had left when we got to the airport. ( 不用while)
As time passed, the event became more and more popular. (不用while或when ) When winter comes, it becomes cold. ( 每当， 不用as 或while )
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. ( 不用while 或as )
2. as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, the second, once ( 一旦…就…) no sooner … than…, hardly / scarcely … when …
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一…就…”. 从句中用一般时态代替将来时态：
The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. Once you remember it, you will never forget it.
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
最后三个句式中，no sooner与hardly / scarcely 引导的主句谓语动词要用过去完成时，而than 与when的从句中要用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner与hardly / scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序：
I had hardly got home when it began to rain. = Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
On + v-ing ( hearing, seeing, returning等) 或 n.( arrival, return等) 也等于as soon as.
3. till, until 和 not … until
1) 肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某点时间才停止”：
He remained there until / till she arrived. You may stay here until the rain stops.
2) 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句肯定式，意为“某动作知道某时间才开始”。
He won’t go to bed until / till she returns.
3) till 不可以放在句首，而until可以：Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4) not … until句型中的强调和倒装用法：
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
4. before 和since
1) 若表达“还未…就…” “不到…就…” “… 才…” “趁…还没来得及”时，需用连词before: We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。 We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。 Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在还没忘记把它记下来。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。 Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 他们（还没）到火车站前，火车已经开走了。
2）It will be + 一段时间 before sb. does sth. 多久之后才… It won’t be + 一段时间 before sb. does sth. 过不多久就… It will be half a year before I come back. It won’t be long before we meet again.
3) since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。Since从句的时态是一般过去时，主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 I have written home four times since I came here.
She has been working in this factory since she left school.
4) 在 It is + 一段时间 + since 从句句型中，如果谓语动词是延续性的，时间从动作结束时算起；如果从句的谓语动词是非延续性的，时间从动作开始时算起： It is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发有三年了。
It is three years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有三年了。 It is three years since she lived here. 他不在这住有三年了。
It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不吸烟有三年了。 It is three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。
5. every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当…, 每次…, 下次…” :
Each / Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. The last time she saw Jane, she was lying in bed. The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous. You are welcome to come back any time you want.
二、地点状语从句
1. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where和wherever. 指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前： We should go where we are needed most. Where there is a will there is a way. Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.
2. 注意区分where 引导的定语从句与状语从句：
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
三、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that
1. because 语气最强，在下列情况下必须用because: 1) 回到why提出的问题；2）引导表语从句；3）用在强调原因状语从句的强调句中；4）从属连词前有only, just, simply修饰。 He didn’t speak to you. It was because he didn’t recognize you. You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.
2. since 和as引导的从句强调的是结果，不强调原因，因此它们引导的从句通常在主句前。Since在语气上比as强，表示自然的因果关系，相当于“既然”的意思。As常用于讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉，不需要突出。Now that 的意义和用法和since相同，其中that可以省去。
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance. Since the two children were brought up in the south, they have never seen snow. As it was getting late, we had to go home.
As he didn’t know much English, he often took a dictionary with him.
Now (that ) you are free today, you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.
3. for虽然常翻译成“因为”，但它并不是一个从属连词而是一个并列连词，不是用来说明一种原因，而是用来表示一种附带，或补充解释，或说明，或表示一种推理，它引导的句子不能放在句首，前面有逗号隔开。
We must start early, for we have a long way to go.
He must have done it by himself, for there was no one else in the room.
四、目的状语从句
1. in order that与so that
引导的从句中需用情态动词，in order that 比so that正式，引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能放在主句之后： I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 2. for fear that, in case
引导的状语从句中谓语动词要用（should ）+ 动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that … not…或in order that … not ….
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case / for fear that his father should see him. Take your raincoat in case it should rain.
五、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that…, so … that …, such … that … 1. 其结构形式为：
so +形容词 / 副词+ that 从句
so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数+ that 从句 so + many / much / few / little + 名词+ that 从句 such + a/an + 形容词+ 可数名词单数+ that 从句
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不可数名词 + that 从句 such + a lot of / lots of + 名词 + that 从句
It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.
2. 非正式语体中，由so / such …. that …引导的从句中that 可以省略 3. 当so或such 位于句首时，主语要用倒装语序：
So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
4. 除结果状语从句外，too…to…, enough … to … , so… as to …等结构也可表示结果。
六、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless, so /as long as, in case ( 万一)， suppose / supposing, on condition that, provided that 等。
Supposing / Suppose ( that ) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? In case there is a fire, what will you do first? I’ll go, provided that you go too.
七、方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though.方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中 as if 或as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也 可用陈述语气。
Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired.
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. I feel as if I have a fever.