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人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 1 What's the matter?
知识点总结及单元测试卷（附答案）
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. What’s the matter? (P. 1)
What’s the matter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了”，相当于What’s wrong with...或者What’s the trouble with...。 ---What’s the matter with my son, doctor? ---Nothing serious, only a slight cold.
2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1)
stomachache用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常见复合词还有：headache头疼、toothache牙疼。 Mary has a stomachache.
3. lie down and rest. (P. 2) (1) lie down意为“躺下”，lie用作动词可以表示“趟”或者“位于”，还可以表示“撒谎”。 She is lying in bed with a bad cold. Beijing lies in the north of China. It is a bad habit to lie. 【拓展】lie及lay一词多义
lie（躺、位于）—lay（过去式）—lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） lie（撒谎）—lied（过去式）—lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） lay（放置、下蛋）—laid（过去式）—laid（过去分词）-laying（现在分词）
(2) rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为take/have a rest“休息”。
Let’s stop working and have a rest.
4. take your temperature (P. 2)
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take one’s temperature意为“量体温”。 Please take your temperature first.
5. Maybe you have a fever...(P. 2)
maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与may be相互转换。 Maybe he is a foreigner. =He may be a foreigner.
6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)
need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。 You needn’t go to the meeting too early. We need three more workers. He doesn’t need to worry too much.
7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P. 2) without用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。 They left without saying goodbye.
8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2) 本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，主句含有情态动词，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。含有if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动词），if引导的条件状语从句则用一般现在时。 If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go to the park.
9. ...when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3) see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。 I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday. see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。 I often see her dance in the park.
10. The bus driver...stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3)
think twice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。
You should think twice before you make the final decision. 【拓展】think的相关短语
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think about 思考、考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑
11. He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3) (1) get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。 Before getting off the bus, you should take care.
(2) happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth. happens to sb.“某人发生了某事”。 An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.
12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3) have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。 We have to walk home because the car has broken down. We must study hard.
13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P. 3) (1) expect的常见用法： ① expect to do sth. 期待做某事
The fans are expecting to see the football star. ② expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully. (2) wait的常见用法：
① wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事” We are waiting for the result of the exam. ② wait to do sth.“等待做某事”
All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. ③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”
The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over.
14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3)
① agree with sb. 同意某人 I can’t agree with you more. ② agree to sth. 同意某事 Do you agree to the plan?
③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见
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They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. ④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事
Her parents don’t agree to marry their daughter to the man.
15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. (P. 3)
thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或者代词，在句中作原因状语，相当于because of。 Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.
16. “It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)
(1) 本句是“It is+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。 It is important that we should protect the environment. (2) other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。
the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。 another: 表示“三者中另一个”。
others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。 the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。 We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.
There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys. You should think of others.
There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.
17. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)
hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。 The man hit the little boy in the face.
18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. (P. 3) right away意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once或者right now。 As soon as he heard the news, he rushed out right away.
Section B
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