2014年福建专升本(博迪专升本)大学英语语法资料

发布时间 : 星期五 文章2014年福建专升本(博迪专升本)大学英语语法资料更新完毕开始阅读

例如:

1) The children are well looked after. 2) The meeting is to be put off.

3) The out of date teaching method must be done away with. 4) The baby is taken good care of. or: Good care is taken of the baby.

Lecture 5 名词性从句

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句在主句中起相当于名词的

作用,即它们在复合句中的功用和名词相同,分别作主句的主语、表语和宾语。因此这三种从句可合称为名词性从句。它们有以下相同之处。 1) 关联词相同

a) 主从连词:that, whether, if在从句中只起连接作用而不担任成分。

b) 连接代词:what, which, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等在句中既起连接作用同时又充当主、宾、表、定语等成分。

c) 连接副词:when, where, how, why在句中既起连接作用又作状语。

2) 三种从句均不能用逗号与主句分开。

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3) 名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序。

1 主语从句

1.1 主语从句的结构及用法

主语从句在复合句中充当主语,它与陈述句基本结构中的主语位置相同。这时主句中的动词多为系动词。经常用来引导主语从句的关联词有主从连词that(无词义)、whether(是否)、连接代词what(??的东西)以及连接副词等。 (1) 由代词what引导的主语从句表示“所??的(东西)”,

其句子结构相当于一个名词加上一个定语从句。 例如:What she wants to know is that.

The thing which she wants to know is that. (2) 由主从连词、连接副词引导。 例如:

1) Whether we shall have the meeting remains uncertain. 2) How she is still alive is beyond us. 3) 由连词that引导。

例如:That the workers managed to do it is a fact.

1.2 用代词it作形式主语的主语从句

有时主语从句放在句首,句子显得比较笨重。通常在主句的动词是连系动词的句子中,可以把这种名词从句放在句

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尾,把代词it放在句首,作为形式上的主语来代替它,上面第2条中的两个例句可以改写为:

It remains uncertain whether we shall have the meeting. It is beyond us how she is still alive.

在口语中运用it结构更为多见(但当what引导的主语从句表示“??的东西”时及whatever, whichever等关系代词引导的主语从句一般都不用it作形式主语)。其中it没有具体意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子的后面,使句子显得平衡一些。这种形式的主语从句可以用主从连词that和whether引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。 例如:

1) It is strange that she didn’t come yesterday. 2) It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 这种用法常见的有以下几类。 1.2.1 It+be+名词+主语从句

例如:It is a pity (a fact, an honor, a shame, a good news, a good

thing, no wonder, a deplorable thing, etc.) that…

1.2.2 It+be+形容词+主语从句

例如:It is strange (natural, true, fortunate, obvious, impossible,

possible, likely, unlikely, funny, surprising, etc.) that…

1.2.3 It+be+过去分词+主语从句 例如:

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1) It is reported (announced, arranged, decided, expected, stressed, said, estimated, etc.) that… 2) It is not known (decided … etc.) that… 3) It must be pointed out that… 4) It has been discussed that… 1.2.4 It+不及物动词+主语从句

例如:It happened (seems, turned out, occurred to me, suddenly struck me, etc.) that…

2 表语从句

表语从句在复合句中做表语,位于主句中的联系动词之后。

常用来引导表语从句的连接词有that(有时可省略),whether, 连接副词where, when, why, how以及连接代词what,还可以由as if, as though引导。 2.1 由连接代词what引导 例如:This is what we want. 2.2 由主从连词that引导

例如:Our teacher’s idea is that we should clean the blackboard first.

2.3 由连接副词how引导 例如:This is how it happened.

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