高中英语语法总结

发布时间 : 星期六 文章高中英语语法总结更新完毕开始阅读

2.in,within,after表示时间

in和after在表示时间时,都有“在??之后”的意思,但用法不同.in表示以说话的时间为起点的“(一段时间)之后”,如:in two days’ time(两天后);而after则表示“在某时间点(具体时间)之后”,与说话时间无关,如after two o’clock(两点钟之后);within表示在某段时间之内。

I’ll be back in half an hour我将在半小时后回来

3.表示“使用??工具、手段、方式等”可以用by,in,on,with,through等工具 (1)by+抽象名词或动名词:表示“乘坐??交通工具”、“通过??方式” You can go there by bus

(2)in表示“表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等”

例如:in pencil用铅笔,in ink用墨水,in French用法语,in cash用现金 (3)with表示“使用某种具体的工具、手段等”如:with a pen (4)through表示“通过??途径、方式、方法” He succeeded through hard work他通过努力成功了 4.in the end,at the end,by the end in the end“最后”,相当于at last,finally;at the end“在??末尾、尽头”,后接介词of,可以指时间或地点;by the end“到??时候为止”,后接介词of,句子一般用完成时态 In the end,they had to move out of the flat最后,他们不得不搬出了公寓 There is a coffee shop at the end of the street街的尽头有间咖啡馆

By the end of last month,we had finished most of the project到上月底为止,我们已完成了大部分工程

5.across,through,past

(1)across“横跨,从一端到另一端”

Can you swim across the river?你能游过这条河么? (2)through“穿过”,指从某个物体、空间中间穿过

The old man led us through the forest.老人领着我们穿过森林 (3)past“经过”,指从旁边通过

When you go past the supermarket , you will see a big poster.当你经过超市时,你会看到一张大海报。

6.except,except for,except that,but,besides (1)except,except for,except that 都表示“除??之外”(不包括宾语在内),expect that后接句子,except和except for后接名词短语,except for表示气候的宾语与前面所讲的内容不属于同类

She is a good roommate except sometimes she comes back too late.她是个好室友,除了有时回来太晚

He is a good worker except for his age除了年龄大些,他是个好工人

(2)but与except同义,常用于no或由no组成的合成词后面或其他表示否定意义的词的后面。例如:Nobody but/except Tom can settle the argument.除了Tom,没人能解决这场争论 (3)besides表示“除了??之外”(包括宾语在内)

Do you have other dictionaries besides this one?除了这本字典,你还有其他字典吗? 四.介词与动词的搭配

1.动词+介词,相当于一个及物动词

(1)aim/look/shoot/knock/shout/call/laugh at (2)wait/ask/llok/answer/care/pay/stand for

(3)look/run after

(4)call/depend/operate/live/put/insist on

(5)listen/get/happen/reply/apologize/belong/agree/add/refer/stick/lead/turn/admit to (6)agree/talk/begin/start/deal with (7)think/hear/die/dream of

(8)hear/learn/die/suffer/come from (9)succeed/take in (10)get/look through 2.动词+副词+介词 break away from脱离;get along with与??相处;do well in在??方面做的好;keep up with跟上;go in for爱好,从事;look forward to盼望 3.动词+名词+介词

do harm to危害;take hold of抓住;make use of 利用;take advantage of利用;take part in参加;pay attention to 注意;take the place of 代替;take care of照顾 4.to与情感名词连用,表示“令人??”

to one’s delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret=to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb

主谓一致

一.谓语动词为单数的情况

1.由连词and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼备身份或匹配出现 The worker and writer is from Wuhan那个工人兼作家来自于武汉

2.no/each/every/many a +单数名词+and +no/each/every/many a +单数名词做主语

Every man and every woman has a good reason to be pround of the work done by their fathers每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲 3.One/every one/each/either/the number +of+复数名词做主语 Each of the students has a book每个学生都有一本书

4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewllery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集体名词作主语

Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area洪水灾害地区急需衣物 5.以S结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的名词作主语 Physics is one of my favourite subjects物理是我最喜欢的科目之一 6.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词做主语,表达一个整体概念

Three weeks is a long time to wait for an answer对于等待一个答案来说,三周是一段很长的时间

7.由every-,any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语 Is everyone here today?今天每个人都在这儿么? 8.非谓语动词、名词性从句做主语

Persuading him to join us seems really hard劝他加入我们看起来确实很难 Whatever was left was taken away无论剩下什么都被拿走了 【注意:】what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式

What we need are books 我们需要的是书 二.谓语动词用复数形式

1.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词做主语

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People read for pleasure during their spare time

2.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以s结尾的专有名词做主语 The Olympic Games are held once every four years 3.a number of/quantities of / a group of+名词做主语 A number of the other plants were found in America 三.谓语动词单数、复数根据具体情况而定的

1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等做主语,强调整体用单数,指个体成员用复数

The population in China is very large and 80%of the population live in the rural 2.单复数同行的名词做主语时,谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定,这类词是:means,works,pains,deer,fish,sheep

Every means has been tried to solve the problem ,but none is effective 3.kind,sort,pair,type+名词做主语,以这些名词本身的单复数而定 The kind of paper is made of straw Some kinds of animals are dying out

4.all,some,none,any等不定代词做主语,一般主语指代人,谓语用单数;一般主语指代物,谓语用复数

All is going on very well一切顺利

All are present besides the professor包括教授在内大家都在 5.half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词作主语,谓语动词要和of后的名词单复数保持一致

A lot of students are coming to the meeting有很多学生要来开会

A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference准备这次会议需要大量的工作

四.就近原则

1.由or,either?or?,neither?nor?,not only?but also?等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致

Neither you nor I am fit for the work你和我都不适合这份工作 【注意:】with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than+名词,置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

Henry,rather than Jane and John ,is responsible for the loss损失的责任应由亨利而不是简和约翰来承担

2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语通常和最临近的主语保持一致 There is a lake and some hills around it 情态动词

一.表能力的情态动词can(could)与be able to

can/could be able to 现在的/一般能力 常用can 可用be able to 过去的能力 could表达过去一般的能力 将来的能力 一般不用 be able to表示有能力且成功地做某事 常用will be able to He is so tall that he can/is able to touch the ceiling他那么高,手能碰到天花板

He was able to escape from the burning building last night昨天他从着火的大楼里逃了出来 二.情态动词+动词原形表现在推测

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情态动词 must will would should ought to can could may might 肯定式 必定,一定 很可能,大概,愿意,总是 比will可能性小;还表过去常常 应该(合乎情理的情况或结果) 理应,应该(同should) 很少用,若用表示理论上可能性 (可疑的)可能 或许,也许,也说不定 比may语气还弱 否定式 × 不会,不愿 比won’t语气弱 × × 不可能 不可能 可能不 比may not还弱 疑问式 × 会??吗? 比will语气弱 × × 有可能么? 有可能么?(语气比can弱) × × ×表示此法不用于推测

Accidents can happen on such rainy days多雨天可能会发生事故 三.情态动词用来表请求、建议或允诺

1.当主语是第一或第三人称提出请求、建议时,可用 (1)Shall/May/Might/Can/Could I??? (2)Shall he/she/they???

(3)Would/Will/Could you???

【提示】could/might/would的语气很委婉。因此回答他们的问句时,应用以下形式 -Could I use your pen ?

-Yes , you can (No , I’m afraid not)

2.当主语是第二或第三人称时表达“命令、警告、允诺或威胁”时,要用shall,此外,宣布法律、法规时,也常用shall

After class , you shall get this book课后你会拿到这本书 四.情态动词+have+过去分词,表示对过去的推测 形式 must have done can’t have done can/could have done could have done may/might(not)have done 用法 对过去的可定推测“一定做了某事” 对过去的事情的否定推测,“一定/肯定没干?” 用在疑问句中表示对过去动作的怀疑,“可能已经?了么” 用在肯定句,表对过去没有实现的可能性“本来可以?” 对过去的推测“也许已经(没有)?”用于肯定句或否定句 should have done/ought to have done 肯定句表“本该做某事,实际未做”;否定句表“本不该做,却做了”含有责备语气 needn’t have done 表示“做了本来不必去做的事” 五.情态动词的特殊用法

1.can’t but do sth表示“不得不,只好” 2.may/might as well表示“最好,倒不如” may well 表示“很可能,完全能”

3.can’t与too连用表示“再??也不为过,越??就越好” 4.may用于祈使句表祝愿

5.why/how+should表示说话人对某事不理解或感到惊讶,译为“竟会” 6.must表示“偏要,硬要”做某事

7.dare与need既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词 虚拟语气

一.虚拟语气用于条件句

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