高中英语语法总结

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面出现的复数名词,也表泛指概念;the one用来代替前面特指的单数名词,有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下);the ones用来代替前面特指的复数名词,有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下) 五.不定代词

1.both,either,neither (1)both“两者都”,可指人或物,不可与单数名词或不可数名词搭配使用,只与复数名词搭配使用,谓语动词用复数。它做形容词时,可直接修饰名词,如有定冠词the、物主代词或只是带刺修饰名词,需要置于both之后 例句:Both these students are good at English (2)either“两者中的任何一个”,谓语动词用单数。Neither“两者都不”,谓语动词多用单数,也可以用复数。两者作为形容词时,只能和单数可数名词搭配。 例句:Either way is all right Neither answer is correct 2.none,nothing,nobody(no one)

(1)none既可以指人,也可以指物,且表特指概念,常回答how many,how much引导的疑问句;nobody/no one只能指人,且表示泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句 例句:-How much money do you have? -None

(2)none后面可跟of短语,而nothing和nobody/no one却不能 None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret 3.one与it在替代时的区别

(1)one用于指代与前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于代替前面所提到的同一件事或物 Your hat is really pretty.I’d like to buy one Your skirt is beautiful .Where did you buy it?

(2)it可以用来指天气、距离、时间、环境等,还经常用来作形式主语或宾语,替代不定式、动名词、主语从句或宾语从句等。 It was very hot yesterday

(3)有些动词如hate,love,like等后面习惯带it作宾语,替代后面提到的某件事 I really appreciate it if you can come and see her yourself 4.other(s),the other(s)和another

(1)another指“再一,另一”作代词或形容词,用于表示三者或三者以上 Please come another day

(2)other指“另外的”表示泛指,只做定语,常与复数名词连用,但如果前面有the,this,some,any,each,every,no,none以及形容词性物主代词时,则可与不可数名词连用。Others是other的复数形式,泛指“别的人或物”(但不是全部),不能作定语,构成“some?,others?” 例句:Some students are cleaning the classroom;others are playing on the palyground (3)the other 指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成“one?the other?”(一个?另一个?)。The other作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余全部的”。The others是the others的复数形式,特指“其余全部的人或物”

例句:The other students in my class are from Italy 5.few,a few,little,a little,many,much

这几个词和短语都具有名词和形容词的性质。作形容词时few,a few,many用来修饰可数名词,而little,a little,much则修饰不可数名词。其中few,little通常表示否定意义。 例句:Only a few students can answer the question 六.疑问代词

1.注意疑问词what的搭配

What is the popilation/the distance/the price/the address/the attitude/the height? 人口是多少/距离有多远/价格有多少/地址是哪里/态度怎么样/高度是多少? 2.几个特殊短语:

(1)what for“为何目的,为何理由”(=why) (2)what if?“要是?会怎么样?”

(3)what about/how about?“做?好么?”(用于征求意见) 形容词和副词

一.使用形容词时注意事项 1.形容词作后置定语

(1)形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-等构成的复合不定代词时必须后置 Is there anything else? 还有别的事么?

(2)少数以a-开头的形容词如awke,alive,asleep,作定语时,必须后置

He was the only boy awke at the time of the earthquake.他是地震发生时唯一醒着的孩子 (3)形容词词组作定语时必须后置

He carried a box fulll of cards.他拿着一个装满卡片的盒子 2.形容词作宾语补足语

Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.请保持教室整洁 3.形容词作伴随状语

They carried home,tied and hungry.他们回到家,又累又饿 4.多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序 the(a,an,one’s)(限定词)+数词(序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词+size(大小、长短、高低)+shape(形状)+age(时间、年龄)+colour(颜色)+origin(国籍、出处)+material(材料)+purpose(目的、用途)+被修饰名词(中心词)。速记口诀:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。

例如:a small round red French wooden writing desk一张红色法国木制小圆书桌 5.几组易混形容词辨析

(1)especial,special,particular,peculiar ①especial意思是“特别的,格外的”

It is said that it is a matter of especial importance据说这是一件特别重要的事情 ②special意思是“特殊的、特别的”含有“与众不同”的意思

Is there anything special in today’s newspaper?今天报纸上有什么特别的消息么? ③particular意思是“特有的、独特的、异常的”

The coconut is particular to the tropics椰子是热带地区的特有的

④peculiar意思是“古怪的、不寻常的”例如:peculiar dress奇装异服 (2)most,mostly,almost

①副词most指“最,最大程度地”,主要用来构成多音节形容词或副词的最高级,或修饰动词

To tell the truth,this is the most boring book I have ever read说实话,这是我所读过最乏味的书 What did you enjoy most?你最欣赏的是什么? ②副词mostly指“主要地,一般地”,主要用来修饰be动词和介词短语 Lizards live mostly in the warm climates蜥蜴主要生活在气候温暖的地方 ③副词almost指“几乎,差不多”,可与never,no,none,nobody,nowhere等连用 Almost no one came to the party几乎没人来参加聚会

(3)normal,general,usual,common,ordinary ①normal用来描述预料之中的、正常的、常规的事情

It is normal to find some lessons difficult sometimes 有时候觉得一些课程是很难是正常的 ②general指“一般的,大体上的”是从总的、概括性的角度来说的,而非指个体 They gave a general desciption of the man他们对这个男人作了大致的描述 ③usual指“通常的”,一般指在时间上延续过去的习惯 As a usual,he came last像往常一样,他最后一个来

④common常作“普遍的,共同的”讲,强调大家都有的、比较普遍的 Bad dreams are fairly common among children小孩做噩梦是司空见惯 ⑤ordinary常作“平常的,普通的”讲,多指人或物平淡无奇 I think these paintings are ordinary我认为这些画很一般 二.副词常用考点 1.副词enough的用法

(1)enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面

Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills 有足够的勇气参加这次冒险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能 (2)can not与enough连用,表示“再?也不为过” You can not be careful enough你再细心也不为过

【注意】enough的英法还可用can not/never?too?表达 I can not thank you too much =I can’t thank you much enough 2.常用形容词、副词固定搭配 dead drunk酩酊大醉 fast/sound asleep酣睡 wide awake没有睡意

rain/snow heavily雨/雪下得很大

breathe/drink/smoke heavily喘粗气/酒喝得多/抽烟得多 heavy traffic/heacy moustache拥挤的交通/浓密的胡子 三.倍数及比较级用法常考点 1.表示倍数的几种方法 (1)倍数+as?as?

This box is four times as large as that one这个盒子是那个的四倍大 (2)倍数+比较级+than

He is twice heavier than you他比你重两倍

(3)倍数+the size/weight/height/length?或+what引导的名词性从句

This is river three times the length of the one in my hometown这条河是我家乡那条河的三倍长 I will give you five times what I have borrowed我会给你我所借的五倍 〖注意〗翻译句子“我们的房间比他们的大两倍”三种表达方式 Our room is twice bigger than theirs Our room is three times as big as theirs Our room is three times the size of theris 2.比较级的特殊结构

(1)作否定比较时可用“less+形容词原形+than” John is less clever than Tony约翰没有托尼聪明

(2)表示“越来越??”使用“比较级+and+比较级”结构

It’s getting hotter and hotter天气越来越热了

(3)表示“越?越?”使用“the+比较级+?the+比较级+?” The busier he is , the happier he feels他越忙,越感到高兴 (4)“no+比较级+than”结构

You are no taller than I你和我一样矮

(5)no more than 表示“不多于,仅仅”,no less than表示“(强调数量大)不少于,多达” She is no more than 16 years old她只用16岁 (6)more?than表示“与其说?倒不如说?”

He’s more brave than wise与其说他机智,不如说他勇敢 四.比较级和最高级的修饰语

1.修饰比较级的词有:rather,much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit The student study even harder than before学生们学习更努力了

2.修饰最高级的词有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really等 I’like to buy the second most expensive camera我想买便宜点的照相机

【提示】by far通常用来修饰最高级,但也可修饰比较级,修饰比较级时,by far一般在比较级后面,如在前面,应在二者间加the。这种用法与其修饰最高级相同 The book is better by far than that one这本书比那本书要好的多 He’s by far the taller of the two brothers他是两兄弟中高的那一个 介词

一.常见的与介词搭配的形容词 1.与at搭配的形容词

(1)表示“在??方面”如good,clever,bad等

(2)表示原因:surpeised,excited,angry,puzzled,disappointed等 2.与in搭配的形容词,表示“在??方面”:weak,strict(in sth),rich,interested,successful 3.与of搭配的形容词:full,afraid,sure,tired,fond,proud,frightened 4.与with搭配的形容词:angry(with sb),strict(with sb),popular,familiar,careful,busy 5.与to搭配的形容词:kind,cruel,polite,rude,good,close,similar,due 6.与for搭配的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,hungry 7.与from搭配的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent 二.易混介词

1.表示“在??上”时,有些要用in,有些要用on 墙上/门上/地上的洞:a hole in the wall/door/ground

在树上:in the tree(如果指书上自身生长的东西时用介词on,如apples on the tree) 2.表示“?的?”

练习的答案:keys to the exercise

剧院的入口/出口:the entrance/exit to the theatre 一个产品的介绍:an introduction to this product 三.几组常用介词的用法区别 1.in,on,at表示时间

(1)at常用语表示某一时间点、时刻。例如:at noon (2)on用于表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。例如:on the morning of March 8

(3)in用于表示泛指的上午、下午、晚上或某月、某年、某个年代、某个世纪等。例如:in the afternoon

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