发布时间 : 星期日 文章2017届高三英语二轮复习第一板块语法填空与短文改错题型一语法填空更新完毕开始阅读
题型研究课
从题型上探究语法填空、短文改错的解题技能
题型一 语法填空
对应学生用书P4
语法填空就是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语美文中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空所为。这10个空又根据提示词的有无分为有提示词和无提示词两种，这两种题型究其实质还是对基本语法知识的考查。
[感悟高考] A(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __61__(attract)．
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __62__ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63__ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back __64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,
__65__ I was the first Western TV reporter __66__ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include __67__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by __68___ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70__ other is with mum — she never suspects.
[答案解析]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。
61．attraction 形容词top修饰空格处的名词，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。
62．was allowed I与allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。故填was allowed。
63．officially 空格处修饰过去分词given，故用副词修饰。official的副词形式是officially (官方地)。
64．to go back to“追溯到”，是固定搭配。句意：但是我和熊猫的渊源可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期我做一个电视节目的……。
65．when 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the mid-1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。
66．permitted reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。
67．introducing 此处用动名词作include的宾语。
68．its mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its。
69．days “every few＋复数名词”意思是“每隔……”。every few days“每隔几天”。
70．the one ... the other ...“一个……另一个……”。
B(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of __61__ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __62__ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused __64__ our tasks in the morning than we are later
in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive __65__ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent __66__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __67__ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __68__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely __69__ (bring) your work home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, __70__ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
[答案解析]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果在工作中感觉压力很大，你不妨先后退一步，把手头的工作分一下轻重缓急，优先处理最重要的工作，这样你就能获得一种成就感。
61．greater and连接并列成分，由and后的less可知，空格处也要用形容词的比较级。great的比较级是greater。
62．achievement 介词of后要用名词形式，achieve的名词是achievement。 63．is 单个的动名词短语leaving ...作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，又因为文章主体时态是一般现在时，故填is。
64．on focus on“集中于，聚焦于”，是固定搭配。句意：我们大多数人在上午比在一天的晚些时候更能集中精力工作。
65．as as ... as possible意为“尽可能……”，是固定句式。句意：因此，早点儿开始，在午餐前尽可能高效。
66．studies 谓语动词为show，故空格处应填study的复数形式studies。 67．regularly 空格处修饰动词短语“take short breaks”，故用副词。regular的副词形式是regularly。
68．a for a while“片刻，一会儿”，是固定搭配。
69．to bring be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。句意：如果你发现在办公室之外有喜欢做的事情，你把工作带回家的可能性就小了。
70．make 分析破折号后的句子结构可知，whatever引导让步状语从句，make sure ...部分是主句。这里用动词原形开头构成祈使句。
C(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __61__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also
be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might __62__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __63__ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __64__ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, __65__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __66__ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __67__ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the __68__ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __69__ (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example，most people traditionally eat __70__ their hands.
[答案解析]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。筷子通常是两根细长的木头或竹子。它们也能用塑料、动物的骨头或者金属制成。有时，筷子很有艺术性。
61．and 句意：……在中国、日本、韩国和越南的……文化里，人们通常用筷子吃饭。 62．be made 筷子用金、银做成，此处用被动语态。be made of“用……制成”。 63．to create 此处表示combine ... and ...的目的，故用不定式作目的状语。句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特别的样式。
64．using people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。
65．as/when 句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，空格内填as或者when, as/when引导时间状语从句。
66．gradually 空格处修饰turned into，故用副词。gradual的副词形式是gradually。 67．who 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。
68．development 空格处位于定冠词the后，由of chopsticks修饰，故空格处须填名词。develop的名词形式是development。
69．were 分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；又因主语是knives，故填were。
70．with eat with their hands“用手抓饭吃”。with表示“用”。