发布时间 : 星期四 文章英语四级热点语法更新完毕开始阅读
四级热点语法
法点。 虚拟条件句
if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）；
主句部分,这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/may。
注意：两个部分之间,是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。 隐含的非真实条件
What would you do with 50 thousand dollar? How could I be happy without you?
除了条件状语从句之外，原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气。
常考知识点：
1 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
(1)表示与现在的情况相反，或将来实现的可能性很小，if从句用过去式（动词be多用were这个形式），主句用“would／should／could／might＋动词原形”。例如：
If places alike, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were
如果各地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。（1991.6.-4, 答案是Ｄ）。
在表示将来情况的虚拟条件句中，还可以用“were＋to 不定式”或“should＋动词原形”。
Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ____ a job, she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often. A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got
吉不想立刻工作，因为她想：如果她得到一份工作，她就不能经常去看她的朋友了。(96.1-44, B对）
If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the picnic.
万一明天下雨，我们只好推迟野餐。
(2) 表示与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用“would／should／could／might＋have＋过去分词”。如:
If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.
要是警察更早些到达，他就能见到事故了。
If better material had been used, the efficiency of the machine would have been much increased.
如果使用更好的材料，机器的效率会大大提高。
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四级热点语法
(3) 注意如果以上两类条件句中含有助动词、情态动词，be或have, 则常常不用if，而用倒装结构：
My cat wouldn't have bitten the toy fish it was made of rubber. A) if she has known B) if she knew
C) she should have know D) had she known
如果我那只猫知道那条玩具鱼是用橡胶制作的，她就不会去咬它了。 (1988.6, 答案是D）
____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A) Not being B) Had it not been C. Without being D) Not having been
如果不是我病了,我本来是会帮助他的。（95.1-47, B对)
____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive
如果我们后天走之前他们到达的话，我们就举行一次丰盛的宴会。 (97.1-34, D对）
____ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A) Would she leave B) If she leave
C) Were she to leave C) If she had left
如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到达那里。(96.6-42, C对)
Had he worked harder, he ____ the exams.
A) must have got through B) would have got through C) would get though D) could get through
如果他学习更努力些，本来是可以通过考试的。(97.6-42, B对)
(4) 有时候条件并没有用if从句表示出来：
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we ____ him. A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned
我们不知道他的电话号码；要是知道的话，我们早就打电话给他了。(95.6-46, A对）
(5) 有时候，条件句表示的动作，与主句表示的动作，发生的时间不一致（如一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在），这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整：
If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell , you ____ now. A) wouldn't be smiling B) couldn't have smiled C) won't smile D) didn't smile
你掉下来的时候，如果我没有站在梯子下面看着你，你现在就不会笑了。 (99.1-60, A对。这种句子语法家称为错综时间条件句)
2 表示命令、建议、要求的动词之后的宾语从句
在表示命令、建议、要求的动词(如move, intend, order, request, suggest, propose,
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四级热点语法
command , desire, prefer, insist）之后的宾语从句，或名词（如suggestion, motion proposal, order, recommendation）之后的表语从句和同位语从句，以及it is desired, it is suggested, it is ordered 等结构之后的主语从句，谓语用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”，前者在新闻文字、外交文件、提案及口语中更为常见，美国人也较爱用前一种形式。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。如：
Our teacher recommends that we _____ as attentive as possible when visit the museum. A. are B. shall C. were D. be
老师劝我们在参观博物馆时尽可能地聚精会神。 ( 88-4 答案是D)
We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in plans. A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed
如果计划有变动，希望导游立即通知我们。（ 93.6-48, 答案是A）
He suggested to tomorrow's exhibition together. A. us go B. we went C. we shall D. we go
他建议我们明天一起去参观展览。（89.1-4，答案是Ｄ）
My father didn't go to New York, the doctor suggested that he ____ there. A. not to go B. not go
B. C. hadn't gone D. wouldn’t go
我父亲没去纽约，医生建议他不要去那儿。(93.6-4, 答案是B)
We are all for your proposal that the discussion ____. A) be put off B) was put off
C) should put off D) is to put off
我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。(98.6-68,A对)
It was proposed that the matter discussed at the next meeting. A. will be B. was C. would D. be
有人建议这个问题在下一次会议上讨论。（92.6-4. 答案是Ｄ）
It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made. A) is not started B) will not be started C) not be started D) is not to be started
有人提议：让所有的准备工作做好后该工程才动工。(95.6-44, C对)
3 在important等形容词之后的that从句
在important, vital, essential, necessary, strange , incredible，advisable, preferable, urgent 等形容词之后的that从句，谓语用动词原形或“ should＋动词原形”：
It was essential that the application forms back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent
申请表务请在截止日期前送回。（1990.1 答案是Ｃ)
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四级热点语法
It is necessary the dictionary immediately. A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D. that he had to return 他必须立即还那本词典。（1992.12 答案是C）
I don't think it advisable that Tim ___ to the job since he has no experience. A) in assigned B) will be assigned C) be assigned D) has been assigned
我认为把这工作分配给Tim是不明智的，因为他没有经验。(97.6-55, C对)
It is vital that enough money ____ to fund the subject. A) be collected B) must be collected C) is collected D) can be collected
筹集足够的钱为该项目提供资金，这点至关重要。(97.1-45, A对)
4 would rather, would sooner 也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句，谓语用过去式
would rather, would sooner 也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句，谓语用过去式：
I'd rather you those important documents with you. A. didn't take B. won't take C. didn't take D. not take
我宁愿你身上不带那些重要文件。(93.6,答案是C)
I'd sooner you didn't hurt Jim so much. He is still very depressed.
吉姆还很沮丧，你就不要那样伤他的心了。
To be frank, I'd rather you ____ in the case. A) will not be involved B. not involved c) not to be involved D. were not involved
坦诚地说,我宁愿你不要卷入这个案子。(95.1-61，D对)
You don't have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you ___on business first. A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone
你不必如此匆忙，我宁愿你先做生意。(98.1-59, C对)
I'd rather you ___ make any comment on the issue for the time being。 A) don't B) wouldn't C) didn't D) shouldn't
我宁愿你对这个问题暂时不要发表意见。(98.6-48, C对)
Frankly speaking, I'd rather you ____ anything about it for the time being. A) didn't do B) haven't done C) don't do D) have done
坦诚地说，关于这，我宁愿你目前不要做任何事情。(99.1-66, A对)
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