发布时间 : 星期三 文章英语四级热点语法更新完毕开始阅读
四级热点语法
try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 prefer的用法： 我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）
I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
III 分词：
现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 现在分词的形式:
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) 3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 过去分词
过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。
时态部分考试题型:
1 不定式和动名词作动词的宾语
(1)注意那些只接动名词不接不定式作宾语的动词,它们是：acknowledge, advise, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, allow, consider, avoid, confess, defer, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, fancy, forbid, favour, finish,(can't) help , imagine , miss, mind, practise , permit , resist , risk, suggest等，例如：
People appreciate _____ with him because he has a good sense of humor. A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having working
因为他很有幽默感,所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。（98.1-37, C 对）
I appreciate to your home.
A）to be invited C）having invited B）to have invited D）being invited 感谢你邀请我到你家。（91.6-51，D对）
The teacher doesn't permit in class.
5
四级热点语法
A）smoke C）smoking
B）to smoke D）to have a smoke
教师不允许在教室里抽烟。（91.6-49，C对）
Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A）having been fined C）to be fined B）to have been fined D）being fined
每当马克违反交通规则时，常常企图逃避罚款处分。(95.6-42，D对）
(2)另一些动词之后，可能接to不定式，也可能接动名词，但意义或用法不同。注意 remember , forget , stop , regret ,go on 等后接不定式与后接动名词时的不同意义 。试比较：
John regretted to the meeting last week. A）not going C）not having been going B）not to go D）not to be going
约翰后悔上星期没去参加会议。（91.6-64， A对）
We regret to inform you that we are not able to grant you the discount you ask for. 很遗憾，我方无法给你所要求的折扣，特此告知。
If I had remembered ____ the window, the thief would not have got in. A) to close B) closing
C) to have closed D)having closed
如果我记得关窗的话,那贼就不会进去了。（96.1-40，A对）
want, need 和 require 后接动名词相当于被动的不定式：
Your hair wants ____ . You'd better have it done tomorrow. A) cut B) to cut C) cutting D) being cut
你该去理发了，最好明天就去。(97.6-48, C对。want cutting 相当于want to be cut, 但前者比后者更常见。）
(3) 另一些动词则只接to不定式而不接动名词作宾语：
There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _____ trouble.
A) making B) to make
C) to have made D) having made
接待处有一男子似乎在生气，我想他要闹事了。（97.1-25, B对）
2 非谓语动词作定语
(1) 不定式作定语时,与中心词之间,在逻辑上有多种关系,其中可能是互相修饰关系。即：不定式修饰中心词；不定式短语末的介词与中心词组成介词短语，修饰不定式。这时动词可能是及物的（带宾语），也可能是不及物的，要特别注意不要漏掉不定式短语末的介词：
Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one know which office room ____. A) to sent it to B) to send it
C) to be sent to D) to have it sent
大家手里都拿着申请表,但没人知道该交到哪个办公室去。（94.1-44, A对。试比较: to send it
6
四级热点语法
to which room)
Could you find someone _____.
A) for me to play tennis with B) for me to play tennis C) play tennis with D) playing tennis with
请你找个人来和我打网球。（94.1-63, A对。试比较：to play tennis with someone) 作定语的不定式也可能解释中心词的内容：
The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional stain. A) to compete B) competing
C) to be competed D) having competed
竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛，但也使他们时时处于感情紧张之中。(97.6-47, A对）
(2) 注意区别“名词＋to不定式”与“名词＋介词＋动名词（短语）”结构： He gives people the impression ____ all her life abroad. A) of having spent B) to have spent C) of being spent D) to spent
他给人的印象是他的一生都在国外度过。(98.6-46, A对。impression 后接“ of＋动名词”结构)
(3) “介词＋关系代词＋to 不定式”可以作定语用。例：
You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from to suspend your tent. A）there C）which B）them D）where
你将需要两棵相距约10英尺的树，挂你的帐篷。（95.6-50 , C对）（＝You will want two trees about ten feet apart to suspend your ten from）
(4) 分词作定语 ，注意区别现在分词与过去分词作定语时的区别，分词与to不定式作定语时的区别：
Homework _____ on time will lead to better grades. A) done B) be done
C. having done D. to have been done
按时完成作业会让你取得好成绩。（95.1-44, A对)
As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50households or more. A) having B) to have C)to have had D) having had
早在1647年，俄亥俄州就作出决定，拥有50户或50户以上家庭的每一个镇，都必须建立免费的由税维持的学校。(98.1-36, A对。in every town having 50 households or more 相当于 in every town which has 50 households or more)
3 非谓语动词作状语
(1) 不定式作状语常常表示目的和结果:
______ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. A) To become B) Become
C) One become D) On becoming
想在大学里当教师,至少要有硕士学位。（95.1-48, A 对)
7
四级热点语法
(2) 现在分词（短语）作状语表示主动，过去分词（短语）作状语表示被动，注意两者的区别： The speaker, for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience. A）having known C）knowing B）being known D）known
这位演讲者以演说精采闻名，受到了听众的热烈欢迎。（91.6-58 ，D对，相当于：The speaker，who was known for her splendid speeches...）
____ the earth to be fat, many feared that Clumbus would fall of the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) believing C) Believed D) Being believed
许多人认为地球是扁的，因此害怕哥伦布会掉下地球的边缘。（96.6-22, B对）
4 非谓语动词作宾语的补足语
“动词＋名词＋现在分词 / 过去分词 / 带to 的不定式 / 不带to 的不定式”是常考的句型,注意它们意义上的区别:
The children went there to watch the iron tower . A）to elect B）erecting C）be elect D）being erected 孩子们到那里去看铁塔被竖起来。（90.1-55, D对）
In Australia the Asian make their influence ____ in business large and small. A) feeling B)feel C) felt D) to be felt
在澳大利亚,亚洲人使人们感到他们在大小企业中的影响。（94.1-67, C对)
The manger promised to keep me of how our business was going on。 A）to be informed C）informed B）on informing D）informing
经理答应让我不断了解我们业务进展情况。（直译：...让我们不断被告知...)（90.1-57, C 对）
Don't get your schedule ____ ; stay with us in this class. A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change
不要改变你的计划，就和我们一起留在这个班。(96.1-42, C对）
When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
A) cheating B) cheat
C) to cheat D) to be cheating
我发现他在欺骗我，就不再在那里买东西，而转到别的商店购买。(97.1-44, A 对）
They are going to have the serviceman ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install
C) to be installed D) installed
他们准备让服务人员明天在办公室里装一台电扇。(98.1-44, A 对）
After a few rounds of talk, both sides regarded the territory dispute ____.
8