发布时间 : 星期六 文章英语四级热点语法更新完毕开始阅读
四级热点语法
动词时态
时态部分：所谓的\时态\，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态一般有：
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1．主动形式
过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will shall do should would do
进行 was were doing am is are doing will shall be doing
完成 had done have has done will shall have done should would have done用于虚拟语气
完成进行 had been doing have has been doing 2．被动形式
过去 现在 将来 过去将来
一般 was were given am is are given will shall be given should would be given
进行 was were being given am is are being given
完成 had been given have has been given will shall have been given should would have been given 完成进行
CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在 过去）完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成
时态部分考试题型: 1 将来完成时
By the end of the year all but two people ______. A）have left B）will leave
C）will be leaving D）will have left
到年底，除了两个人，所有的人都已经走了。(94.1-42,D对)
It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ______ by about 10％.
A）will have risen B）has risen
C）will be rising D）has been rising
据报告，到本月底，这个工厂的水泥产量，将提高大约10%。(96.1-39, A对)
The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends. A）must have lasted B）will have lasted C）would last D）has lasted
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四级热点语法
到会议结束时，会议就将开满整整一周了。(97.1-22, B对)
My train arrives in New York at eight O'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ______ by then.
A）would leave B）will have left C）has left D）had left
我的火车将在今晚八点到达纽约，我要乘坐的飞机到时已经离开了。 (99.1-47,B对)
2 一般过去时
The last half of the nineteenth century ______ the steady improvement in the means of travel.
A）has witnessed B）was witnessed C）witnessed D）is witnessed
十九世纪的最后五十年，旅行的手段稳步地改善了。(98.6-41,C对)
used to 表示“过去曾经，现已不再”:
The Browns ______ here, but not any more. A）were used to living B）had lived C）used to live D）had been living
布朗一家曾经住在这里，现在已经不在这里住了。(94.1-59,C对)
3 一般将来时
Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______advertisements showing happy, balanced families.
A）are often seeing B）often see C）will often see D）have often seen
打开电视、杂志，你会看到那些显示幸福和睦家庭的广告。(95.6-47,C对)
While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television ______ the newspaper completely. A）replaced B）have replaced C）replace D）will replace
尽管人们于电视获取最新消息，然而电视完全取代报纸是不可能的。(95.6-48,D对)
4 过去完成时
Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ______ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A）would be B）has been
C）had been D）would have been
1949年进行了首次不着陆飞行，在此之前所有的飞机为了加油都得着陆。(96.6-25,C对)
Until then, his family ______ from him for six months. A）didn't hear B）hasn't been hearing
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四级热点语法
C）hasn't heard D）hadn't heard
到那时候为止，他的家人已经六个月没有收到他的来信了。(97.1-21, D对)
5 一般现在时
Once environmental damage ______, it takes many years for the system to recover. A）has done B）is to do C）does D）is done
一旦环境遭到破坏，系统的恢复要花多年时间。(97.6-50,D对)
If she doesn't tell him the truth now, he'll simply keep on asking her until she ______. A）does B）has done C）will do D）would do
如果她现在不把真相告诉他，他会不断地问她，直到她说出真相。 (98.6-53, A对)
非谓语动词部分:
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I.不定式：
一）不定式的常考形式：
一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的
3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调\我看见了\这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调\我见他正干活\这个动作）
感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect
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四级热点语法
allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close closeness to; be dedication dedicated to; be opposition opposed to; be similarity similar to.
三、need want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 He needs (a lot of) encouraging.
II. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 一)动名词的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. 二) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）
I regret not having taken your advice. 4)有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good; it's no little hardly any use; it's not hardly scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use point...
5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 I remembered to post the letters. (指未来 过去未来的动作)
I remembered posting having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that? 我很遗憾地通知你?
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了\二十年前的离开\而遗憾。 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
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