发布时间 : 星期三 文章高中英语人教版必修三 Unit 1 课文内容部分更新完毕开始阅读
While/When we were talking, the teacher came in.
7. I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! △ 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时有以下几种用法：
⑴ 表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词多为延续性动词。 She has been teaching French since she graduated.
I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn’t come yet.
⑵ 表示从过去某时开始到现在的某一段时间内反复发生的动作。 She’s been saying that twenty times. ⑶ 表示某种感情色彩。
You have been daydreaming but make no efforts. △ 特别提醒
⑴ 现在完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果；现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。如：
I have written a book. (书已经写完)
I have been writing a book. (我正在写一本书，动作还有可能持续) ⑵ 短暂性动词（短语），如finish, marry, get up, see, go等可以用完成时，但不可以用完成进行时。
I have seen the film.
练习：
用括号内动词的适当形式填空
⑴ I __________ (read) this book for two hours, but I haven’t finished it. ⑵ I __________ (see) her before, but I cannot remember where I saw her.
⑶ She __________ (do) the cleaning all day, but it seems that she can’t finish it until this evening.
⑷ “Oh, no! We’re too late. The train __________ (leave). “ “That’s OK. We’ll catch the next train to London.”
情态动词：
情态动词有以下特征：
1. 有一定的词义，但不可以单独作谓语使用，它们要和动词原形一起构成谓语部分。 2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有一些情态动词，如can, will, dare有一般过去时的变
化，have to主语是第三人称单数时要用has to.
考点1 can与could
1. 表示能力，意为“能，会”。此时could是can的过去式。 I can speak French, but I can’t speak Japanese.
They can use the computer now, but they couldn’t last year. 2. 表示请求或许可（在疑问句中表示“请求”，在陈述句中表示“许可”），常译为“可以”。
表示“请求”时用can和could都可，could的语气更委婉，此时could不是can的过去式。表示“许可”时通常用can/may，不用could.
- - - - 3.
Could/Can I use your pen? Of course, you can/may. Could/Can I go home now? Yes, you can/may.
表示对现在或过去情况的推测，意为“可能”。但can表示推测时，往往用于否定句与疑问句中。Could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。 - Can/Could she be in the classroom now? - No, she can’t/couldn’t.
Can/Could what he said be true? We could go there this summer.
4. 用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，也可以表示一时的情况。 It can get very hot here.
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. She can be very unpleasant.
△ 此点中，若要表示“具体的某一件事情会发生”，则使用may或might来表示。 Peter may come to the club with us tonight.
5. 用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中，表示推测、惊异、怀疑或不相信等态度。 This can’t be done by him.
What can he be doing at this time? How can you be so foolish! △ 归纳拓展
⑴ can’t/couldn’t have done意为“不可能做了某事”，表示对过去情况进行否定的推测。 I saw him just now. He can’t/couldn’t have gone to Beijing.
⑵ could have done即可表示对过去情况的肯定推测，也可表示“过去本可以做某事（但实际上未做）”。
He could have already arrived in Beijing.
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. △ 辨析比较 can/be able to
⑴ can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。 Will you be able to come?
I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time. ⑵ can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do。
The young man can’t carry the big box.
This time I failed in the exam, but I’ll be able to pass the exam next time. ⑶ 在否定结构中，was/were able to与could没有区别。 She ran fast but she couldn’t/wasn’t able to catch the bus.
真题链接：
⑴ It ______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t
⑵ – Why are your eyes so red? You ______ have slept well last night. – Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
考点2 may和might
1. 表示请求或许可（在疑问句中表示“请求”，在陈述句中表示“许可”），常译为“可以”。
表示请求是，might比may的语气更委婉，类似于could/can。一般疑问句的肯定回答用may/can，否定回答要用mustn’t/can’t，表示“不可以”。 You may keep the book for two weeks. May/Might I have a word with you? – May I watch TV after supper?
– Yes, you may/can. / – No, you mustn’t/can’t.
2. 表示对现在、将来或过去情况的推测，多用于肯定句或否定句中。may not表示“可能
不”之意；might比may可能性更小。 I think he may/might come tomorrow.
Today is Sunday. She may not be in the office. △ 归纳拓展
may/might have done即可以表示对过去情况的推测，又可以表示“本可能做某事（而实际上未做）”，含有责备或惋惜的语气。
Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
He might have given you a hand, but he was too busy. 3. may常用语祈使句中，表示祝愿。 May you succeed!
May your dream come true.
真题链接：
⑴ Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ______ become the richest.
A. shall B. must C. need D. might
⑵ – I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. – How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen ⑶ – May I take this book out of the reading room? – No, you ______. You read it in here.
A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
考点3 will和would
1. 表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。 I will never do that again.
She said she would help me do the housework.
2. 表示请求。用于第二人称的疑问句中，would比will语气更加委婉。一般疑问句的肯定
回答通常用will。
Will you hand me that book?
Would you please give me a hand?
3. 表示一种习惯、倾向或者趋势等，意为“总会，总是”。Will指现在，would指过去。 I will go to see my grandma on weekends. My father would have a walk after supper. △ 辨析比较
Would表示过去习惯性的动作，不表示状态。 区别1 Used to可表示习惯性的动作或状态。 Would所表示的过去习惯性动作现在依然可能存在。 区别2 Used to表示的过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已不复存在。 I would go to the library when I was free. People used to believe that the earth is flat. Father used not to be so forgetful.
真题链接：
Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ______ say where he was.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
考点4 shall和should 1. shall的用法
⑴ 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或向对方请示。 Shall we go swimming this afternoon? Shall she go now?
⑵ 用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 You shall have the book when I finish reading it. You shall regret for what you’re doing now. You shall be punished sooner or later.
All of you shall get here before 6:00 tomorrow morning.
⑶ 用于条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称且用于陈述句，意为“应该，必须”。
No person shall carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the College Entrance Examination.
真题链接：
– I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. – Don’t worry. You ______ have it by Friday.
A. could B. shall C. must D. may
2. should的用法
⑴ 表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。 She should look after her child well. We should respect our parents.