发布时间 : 星期一 文章词汇学练习题目更新完毕开始阅读
1. The criteria of words include .B. all national character C. a cluster of letters D. sound unity
答案：D 解析：（P7）总体来讲，单词的标准包含以下几点：词是语言中最小的自由形式；是一个声音 统一体；是意义单位；是一个能在句子中起到独立作用的形式。
2. If we classify English words by use frequency,the two types of words are . A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary
B. content words and functional words C. native words and borrowed words D. functional words and notional words 答案：A解析：（P11）英语词汇可以按照不同的标准分成不同的类型。按照使用频率，英语词汇可以分 成两大类：基本词汇和非基本词汇，即basic word stock和nonbasic word stock。 3. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: .
A. creation,conversion and borrowing B. creation,borrowing and back-formation
C. creation,semantic change and borrowing D. semantic change,borrowing and back-formation 答案：C解析：（P31）现代英语词汇的发展方式主要有以下三种：创造新词（creation）,语义变化（semantic change）和借词（borrowing）。创造新词指的是使用英语中现存的材料，即词根（roots）、词缀（affixes）等构成新的词。语义变化指的是为了满足新的需要，一个旧的词语 形式产生了新的意义。借词是指从其他语言中借取词语。
4. Basic words are characterized with A.polysemyB. collocabilityC. productivityD. all the above 答案：D解析：（P11～12）基本词汇有以下特点：民族性（all national character），稳定性 （stability），能产性（productivity），多义性（polysemy）和搭配性（collocability）。 5. More often than not,functional words mainly have .
A. lexical meaning B. associative meaning C. collocative meaning D. grammatical meaning 答案：D解析：（P16)功能词（functional words）所含的词汇意义（lexical meaning）较弱，相反地，其所含的语法意义（grammatical meaning）很强。而实义词（content words）则同时具有词 汇意义和语法意义，其词汇意义尤为重要。
6. The suffixes in words \ are .
A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixes 答案：C解析：（P48～51） “-ly”,“-ward”,“-wise”等词缀是副词词缀。题目中“clockwise”的 意思是“顺时针地”；“homeward”的意思是“向家；在归途上”。
7. In English there are 4 types of motivation as far as the relationship between the sign and meaning is concerned.
在处理语言符号和意思的关系方面，英语中有四种理据，它们是：拟声理据、形态理据、语义理据和词源理据。
8. Which of the following about extra-linguistic context is true?
A. It can be subdivided into extra-linguistic context and non-linguistic context.
B. It only refers to the physical situation or environment relating to the use of words. C. It embraces the people,time,size and place.
D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.
答案：D解析： （P151）非语言语境（extra-linguistic context）包含一个国家的整个文化背景。一 个国家或地区的文化能够影响到词语的意义。比如landlord（房东，地主）在英语里是个中性词，指的是出租房子的人，而“地主”在汉语里则是贬义词，指的是拥有很多土地，欺压、剥削百 姓的人。
9. 9.The idiom \ the mark\ .A. adjectival in nature B. verbal in nature C. nominal in nature D. adverbial in nature
答案：A解析： （P166）习语“wide of the mark”意思是“不准确，不合适”，其在句子中具有形容 词的功能。
1
10. Idioms like \ sheep\ on the fence\ of
.A. transfer B. metonymy C. metaphor D. simile 答案：C 解析：（P175）习语“black sheep（害群之马）”,“new broom（新官上任）”,“a wet blanket（扫兴的人或事物）”和“sit on the fence（观望）”都使用了暗喻（metaphor），即不使用比喻词的比喻修辞。
11. The idiom \ main\ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. A. alliteration B. metaphor C. metonymy D. rhyme
答案：A 解析(P173头韵（alliteration）指两个或两个以上的单词首字母相同，从而形成悦耳的 读音。常见的押头韵的短语有：first and foremost（首先），（with）might and main (尽全 力地)，chop and change(变化无常)等。脚韵或尾韵（rhyme）指的是不同的词结尾音相同，例 如，fair and square(光明正大，诚实)。反复（repetition）指的是同一个词的重复，例如，out and out（完完全全）。
12. Which of the following prefixes can NOT be used to indicate time and order? Aex-, B fore-, C post-, D para- A. A B, B C. C D. D 答案：D 解析：（P48）表示时间顺序的前缀主要有：ex-,fore-,post-,pre-,re-等。“para-”的意思是 “超越……”,是表示程度和大小意义的前缀。
13. Which of the following is NOT from back-formation?
A. To mass produce. B. To lip read. C. To nickname. D. To chain smoke. 答案：C解析：（P67～68）通过逆生法构成的词语常见的有：lip read,chain smoke和mass produce等 ，它们分别来自lip reading,chain smoker和mass production。通过逆生法构成的动词主要通 过去掉如下后缀形成：-er,-ing,-ion等。题目中，“nickname”是通过转类法 （conversion）形成的。 14. Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that forms the core of wordmeaning？
A. Conceptual meaning. B. Grammatical meaning. C. Lexical meaning.D. Associative meaning. 答案：A解析：（P87）语法意义（grammatical meaning）指的是词语的语法概念和关系，比如词语的单 数、复数和屈折形式-s,-es等。词汇意义（lexical meaning) 包含概念意义和关联意义 （associative meaning），而在词典中给出的词语的意义只指语法意义。 15. By \ of idioms,which of the following is right?
A. Many idioms are grammatically analyzable. B. The constituents of idioms can not be replaced at random.
C. The constituents of idioms can be deleted. D. More constituents can be added to idioms without changing their meanings. 答案：B解析：（P163～164）习语的结构在很大程度上是固定的。首先，其成分不可以被替换；其次，习语的词语顺序不能更改；再次，习语的成分不能进行增添或删除；另外，习语大多不能进行 语法层面的分析。
16. Bilingual dictionaries involve language(s).A. one B. two C. three D. four 答案：B解析：（185） Bilingual dictionaries词典是双语词典，使用两种语言编写而成，一种是本族语，另外一种是所涉及的外语。
17. \ is a(n) motivated word. A. morphologically B. Semantically C. Onomatopoeically D. etymologically 答案：C 解析：（P84）Trumpet是个拟声理据词（onomatopoeically motivated word），这类词是通过 模仿自然界中的声音形成的。
18. The meaning of the word \ from \ \ of . A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation 答案：C解析：（P139）词义的升华或者褒义化（elevation or amelioration）指的是词的地位从“卑 微”到“重要”的变化。“fond”一词原意是“愚蠢的”，而后又变成了“挚爱的，亲爱的”的 意思。因此，这
2
个词的意义经历了升华的变化。
19. are those which cannot occur as separate words without being added to other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 答案：C 解析：（P39）不能单独存在的词素称为粘附词素（bound morphemes）。粘附词素只能够附加到 其他的词素上构成词语。
20. Words which have opposite meanings are called A. synonyms B. antonyms C. homonyms D. hyponyms 答案：B 解析：（P111）反义词（antonyms）是指意义相反的词，而同义词（synonyms）指的是发音和拼 写不同但意义相同或相近的词。如果某一个词的意义包含在另外一个含义较为概括的词里边，则 这两个词具有上下义关系（hyponymy）；同形同音异义词是意义不同，但是发音和拼写相同的词
21. The pair of words \ and \ transfer respectively. A. subjective,objective B. objective,subjective C. objective,objective D. none of the above 答案：B 解析：（P140）本题中“respectable”的意思是“值得尊重的，让人敬重的”；“respectful”的意思是“充满敬意的”。因此，两者分别具有客观意义转移和主观意义转 移的特征。 22. \ motivated word.
A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologically 答案：A 解析：（P84）复合词和派生词都是多词素词，而且它们中许多词的意思都是各自词素意思的联 合，也就是说在很多情况下，如果我们知道每一个词素的意思，即词缀或词根的意思，就可以猜 出词的意思。例如，“hopeless”的意思就是 “hope”和“-less”两部分意思的联合，即“没 有希望”。
23. Extension is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become .
A. generalized B. expanded C. elevated D. degraded 答案：A 解析：（P135） 词义的延伸（extension)也叫generalization,是指的原来含有比较具体意思的 单词其意义变得概括化。
24. Of the following word-formation processes, is the most productive. A. clipping B. blending C. initialism D. derivation 答案：D 解析：（P45）词缀法（affixation）是通过给词根增添构词词缀或者派生词缀而形成新词的方 法。这个过程也被称作派生法（derivation）。英语中有30％～40％的词是通过词缀法，即派生 法形成的；28％～30％是由复合法形成的；26％是由转类法形成的；其余的词汇则是通过截短法 或者首字母拼音法等形成的。因此可以推断，派生法具有最强的构词能力。
25. The following are user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary
English EXCEPT .A. extra column B. clear grammar codes C. usage notes D. language notes 答案：A 解析：（P196～197）专栏是CCELD这部词典所具有的特色功能。
26. For beginners and lower-intermediate learners,a dictionary is essential as they do not know enough of the target language. A. mono-lingual B. bilingual C. unabridged D. specialized 答案：B 解析：（P188～189）对于初级和中级学习者而言，双语词典是个较为合适的选择，因为他们对 目标语的知识掌握得还不够多，不能够全面理解大型的和较为专业的词典。 27. Readers cant find pronunciation or meaning in .
A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English B. The Encyclopedia Americana
C. Chambers Encyclopedic English Dictionary D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary
答案：B 解析：（P185)美国百科全书（The Encyclopedia Americana）是一部百科全书，这类书中不包 含词语的发音、意义和用法。
28. The main body of a dictionary is of words. A. spellings B. pronunciations C. definitions D. grammar
3
答案：C 解析：（P192）词典的主体部分是其对词语的注释部分，其余三项都是词典内容的构成部分，但 不是主体。
29. In the idiom \ good feather\ change \ into \ \ meaning.This change of constituent is known as . A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 答案：B解析：（P176）在一些习语中，某一成分可以被换成其他成分，从而形成与原习语同义或者反义 的习语。题目中的“in good(high,full)feather”就是一个这样的例子。
30. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example .
A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy
答案：B解析：（P139）词的降格（degradation)就是指一个词的意义由褒义或中性的感情色彩变为贬义 的过程。形容词silly原义是“快乐的”，降格后意思为“愚蠢的”。
1. 31.From the diachronic point of view,when the word was created,it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called__ P96）primary meaning
2. British dictionaries generally use___to mark the pronunciation.（P192）International Phonetic Alphabet
3. 33.The antonyms “big” and “small” are___：（P112）contrary terms 4. Websters New World Dictionary is a(n) __dictionary.（P187）desk
5. Prefixes are those affixes that are added to the head of words and they primarily change the meaning of the__.(P46）stem
6. 36___is a process by which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a different but related thing.（P140）Transfer
7. Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and__( P153）grammatical context 8. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the__ of words. P198 semantic changes 9. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.This is called___(P64）clipping 10. “From cradle to grave” is an example of___P175）metonymy
1. creationCreation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements.
2. back-formation（P67）Back-formation is the method of creating new words by removing thesupposed suffixes.
3. radiation P98）Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at
the centre and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays.
4. grammatical context（P153）Grammatical context refers to structural patterns where a particular word is used.
5. desk dictionaries（P187）Desk dictionaries are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from50, 000 to 150,000.
1. How do you account for the role of native words in English in relation to loan- words? 答案：（P17）Native words are those of Anglo-Saxon origin,which are small in number.Loan-words are borrowed from other languages.It is estimated that loan-words constitute about 80% of the modern English vocabulary. Native words cannot compare
4
with loan-words in number, but they have a more important role in the language. Native words form the mainstream of the basic word stock whereas only a limited number of borrowed words belong to the common core.
2. How do you understand semantic motivation? 答案：（P85）Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.
3. What are the linguistic factors of meaning changes? 答案：（P144～145）The influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning. In addition,the competition of native words eventually resulted in the semantic division.Finally,the change of meaning is brought about by analogy.
4. How do you understand“the structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable”? 答案：（P163～165）First,the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced.Secondly,the word order cannot be inverted or changed.Thirdly,the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to,not even an article.Finally,many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.
1. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each “dull” respectively. ［A］The story in this book is dull.
［B］He became dull and silent when the class began. ［C］I’m tired of such dull weather! 答案：（P95～98）In sentence A,the word “dull” means “boring”.The sentence suggests that the story is not interesting.Its antonym is “interesting”.
In sentence B,the word “dull” means “inactive”.The sentence suggests that “he lacked enthusiasm and became silent”.Its antonym is “lively”.
In sentence C,the word “dull” means “overcast”.The sentence thus means the speaker dislikes the cloudy weather.Its antonym is “sunny”.
2. The “pen” is mightier than the “sword”.
Explain what “pen” and “sword”mean respectively using the theory of motivation. 答案：(P83～85)
(1)Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.
(2)Semantic motivation,one of the four major types of motivation,explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of a word.In this
sentence,“pen” reminds one of the tool to write with,thus suggesting writing;“sword” reminds one of the weapon to fight with,thus suggesting war.
5