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毕业设计说明书
基于GPS汽车导航系统的设计
学生姓名： 学号：
学 院： 专 业： 指导教师： 2012年 6月
清华大学2012届毕业设计说明书
基于GPS汽车导航系统的设计
摘要
随着科技的高速发展,GPS技术也迅速发展。基于PC机的导航系统因其价格和功耗高已不能满足社会发展的需要，嵌入式系统迅速发展起来。特别是以ARM处理器为主的硬件平台，具有体积小、功耗低、性能强、可靠性高的特点，而且为高速、稳定性运行嵌入式操作系统提供了硬件基础。因此，嵌入式系统已被广泛应用于工业控制、消费电子、网络通信和军事国防等各个领域。
本文主要对汽车导航系统进行了设计和介绍：一是对GPS、组成及GPS定位原理进行了介绍；而是对汽车导航系统中用到的相关理论知识进行了介绍，包括NMEA-0183标准、嵌入式系统概述及组成、嵌入式处理器、Windows CE、μClinux、EVC和eSuperMap等；三是对汽车导航系统硬件进行了设计；四是对汽车导航软件系统进行了设计。 硬件设计采用了Zarlink公司生产的GP2015作为射频前端与数字基带处理器芯片GP4020构成了GPS模块。GPS模块与S3C2440处理器、网络音频模块、时钟复位电路、LED触摸显示屏、SDRAM存储器、FLASH存储、CF卡、USB和RS232接口等共同构成了汽车导航系统的硬件平台，为以后的升级提供了空间。
在软件设计上考虑到ARM7TDMI和S3C2440处理器任务不同，选择了不同的。操作
系统。简单介绍了Boot Loader的设计开发，ARM7TDMI采用了μClinux操作系统，S3C2440处理器采用了Windows CE操作系统。利用北京超图公司的SuperMap DeskPro进行了电子地图的绘制设计，在Windows CE系统上运行eSupermap软件实现地图的放大、缩小、平移导航功能和其他应用软件实现车载娱乐功能。 关键字：GPS,汽车导航系统,ARM
清华大学2012届毕业设计说明书
Design of car navigation system based on GPS
Abstract
With the rapid development of technology, GPS technology is also developing rapidly. Navigation system based on PC for its price and high power consumption already cannot satisfy the demand of social development, embedded system have developed rapidly. Especially hardware platform with the ARM processor, not only has small size, low power consumption, strong performance, the characteristics of high reliability, high speed, stability, but also provides running embedded operation system for the hardware foundation. Therefore, the embedded system has been widely used in industrial control, consumer electronics, network communication, military defense, and other fields.
This paper focuses on the design and introduce of car navigation system: Firstly, the
introduction to GPS, composition and GPS positioning principle; Secondly, the introduction to the related theory and knowledge are used in the car navigation system, including NMEA-0183 standard, embedded system overview and composition, embedded processor, Windows CE, μClinux, EVC and eSuperMap, etc.; Thirdly, the design to hardware of car navigation system ;Fourthly, the design to software of car navigation system .
The hardware design uses GP2015 from Zarlink as RF front-end and digital baseband
processor chips GP4020, constitute the GPS module. GPS module and S3C2440 processor, network audio module, clock reset circuit, the LED display &touch screen, SDRAM memory, FLASH storage, CF card, USB and RS232 interface constitute the hardware platform of car navigation system, which provides room for the future upgrading.
Because the task of ARM7TDMI and S3C2440 processor is different, so we choose
different operating system. And introducing simply the design and development of Boot Loader, ARM7TDMI adopted μClinux, S3C2440 processor used Windows CE. The drawing design of electronic map is completed in SuperMap DeskPro, in Windows CE operating system, eSupermap software realizes the navigation function, such as the map amplification, narrow, translation, etc. ;the in-car entertainment function realized in the operation of other application software.
Key words : GPS car navigation system ARM
清华大学2012届毕业设计说明书
目 录
1绪论 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外汽车导航发展现状 ................................................................................................. 1 1.2.1 国外现状 .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 国内现状 .......................................................................................................................... 2 2 汽车导航系统相关理论 ................................................................................... 4 2.1 GPS及组成 .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 GPS定位原理 ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 NMEA-0183标准 ................................................................................................................ 9 2.4嵌入式系统 ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.4.1嵌入式系统的概述 ......................................................................................................... 14 2.4.2嵌入式处理器 ................................................................................................................. 14 2.5 μClinux ............................................................................................................................... 18 2.6 Windows CE ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.7 EVC和eSupermap ............................................................................................................ 19 3 GPS汽车导航系统总体框架设计 .................................................................... 21 3.1 总体设计 ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 硬件规划 ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.3 软件规划 ........................................................................................................................... 22 4 功能模块设计 .............................................................................................. 24 4.1 主控模块 ........................................................................................................................... 24 4.2 GPS模块 ............................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.1 GP4020 ............................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.2 GPS接收机 ..................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.3 USB接口 ........................................................................................................................ 31 4.2.4 Flash ROM 接口 ............................................................................................................ 31 4.2.5 RAM接口 ....................................................................................................................... 32 4.2.6 JTAG接口 ....................................................................................................................... 33 4.2.7 RS232串口 ..................................................................................................................... 33 5 软件模块设计 .............................................................................................. 35 5.1 电子地图设计 ................................................................................................................... 35 5.1.1 电子地图匹配 ................................................................................................................ 35 5.1.2 电子地图操作与实现 .................................................................................................... 36 5.2 BootLoader设计 ................................................................................................................ 37 5.3 操作系统 ........................................................................................................................... 37 5.3.1 ARM7TDMI处理器操作系统 ....................................................................................... 38
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