发布时间 : 星期二 文章牛津译林八年级英语上册期末复习语法讲解（无答案）更新完毕开始阅读
一、语法专题-形容词和副词的比较级 （一）形容词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解
大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……” ① 形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成
a. 规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变着加 b. 不规则变化
原级 good / well bad / ill many / much little far old 比较级 better worse more less farther, further older, elder 最高级 best worst most least farther, further oldest, eldest ② 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法 ③ 比较级前的修饰语
still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years 【小试牛刀】
1. I can't run any ____________(far). Shall we stop for a while? 2. It is not so (hot) today as it was yesterday, 3. ______________ (hard) you study, ____________ (good) you will be at English. 4.--Which do you like ____________ (well), English, Maths or Chinese? --English is my favorite subject.
5. Our country is becoming _______________ and ________________ (beautiful). （二）形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型 ①
A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。一样） He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。
He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。 ②
A≠ B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。不一样） They didn?t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。 I?ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。
③ A > B 或A < B A + V + 比较级 + than + B （比。。。<更>。。。） Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。 Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。
④ 表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/… + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/…） This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。 The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。
⑤ 表示程度的递增
主语 + V + 比较级+ and+比较级 (…越来越…)
主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (…越来越…) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。
⑥ 表示两种情况同时变化
The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …(…越…越…) The more we get together, the happier we?ll be.=If we get together more, we?ll be happier. 我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。
The harder you study, the better you?ll be at English.= If you study harder, you?ll be better at
English.
你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。
⑦ 主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/of… (…是最…之一) Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。
⑧ 主语+ V。+ the+ 最高级 + in/of… (…最…) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。
⑨ 主语+ V。+ the+ 比较级 + of the two… (…<两者中>较…的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。
⑩
主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any other +n. (单数) + in… (…比任何其他的更…) 主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…) He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。 = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest students in his class. 【小试牛刀】
1. It is not so______________ (beautiful) as the one back home.
2. Li Lin is not as______________ (active)as he used to be.
3. The air pollution is much______________ (serious)in our city than in theirs. 4. This is one of the______________(delicious)dishes in this restaurant. 5. Judy got the______________(many)new ideas of all the students here.
三、祈使句
（一）祈使句用法讲解
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 （1）动词原形+其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 （2）Be + n./adj.
Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！ （3）Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 Let?s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Don't + 动词原形 Don't stand up. 别站起来。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
(2) Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 (3) no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
3. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。 例如：Do shut up! 快住口！
4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用 will或won?t。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：
1) 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won?t保持一致) 2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
如：--- Don?t go out, please. It?s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。 （二）易错点讲解
1、放句首时，要注意Don?t后面要用动词原形；
2、当人称后面有标点符号时，要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。 如：Lucy, don?t be late again.
Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late again.
3、祈使句与or的搭配， 如：Hands up, or we?ll shoot.
【趁热打铁】
1. _______ late again, Bill! A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not 2. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't 3. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
4. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 5 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard” A Stop B Don?t C Can?t D No
6. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o?clock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure
7.________ when you cross the road.
A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful 8. ________ in bed. It?s bad for your eyes.
A Not to read B Don?t read C Don?t to read D Not read 9 ______ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never
四、should和had better
（
一
）
should
用
法
讲
解
1. 用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见。如：Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗？ 2. should表义务，可用于各种句式，通常指将来。
如：You should do what your parents tell you. 你应该照你父母的话去做事。 He should do some work, but he doesn?t want to.他应该做些工作，但是他不想做。 也可指现在。如：
You shouldn?t be sitting in the sun. 你不应该坐在阳光下。 3. should表推测，暗含很大的可能。如：
It?s 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。