2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.5NelsonMandela_amodernhero句型语法含解析

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it’s the first time 固定句型,意为“这是……第一次……”,that从句要用完成时。that ...

[即学即练]

用for the first time, the first time和it’s the first time that ...填空 (4)I fell in love with you I saw you.

我第一次见到你时就爱上了你。

(5) I have visited the city.

这是我第一次参观这座城市。

(6)At the beginning of school, the two students met .

在开学的时候,那两名学生第一次见面。

四、重点语法突破

定语从句

在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who,whom,whose引导的定语从句

(1)who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。

①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.

我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 ②I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post cards. 我有很多我打算给寄贺卡的朋友。

(2)whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相

此外,it也可用this 或 that替换 当于of whom。

(2016·全国卷)I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.

我在班上有一位意想不到的助教,他的创造性经常感染其他的学生。 2.that,which引导的定语从句

(1)which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。

①She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。

②(2016·天津高考)Every day I practiced reading and writing,which I used to avoid as much as possible.

每天我都练习过去尽量避免去做的阅读和写作。

(2)限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况:

①先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,the one等时。

I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。

②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

③先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,all等修饰时。

The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。

④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.

他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (3)关系代词只用which而不用that的情况:

①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。

The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。 ②关系代词前有介词时。

We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 3.as引导的定语从句

(1)as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“so/such/the same+先行词+as...”结构中。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 【误区警示】

which引导定语从句代指前面整句话的内容时只能位于主句之后。 He kept lying to me,which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎,这事使我很恼火。

(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,定语从句说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有:as the saying goes,as is said above,as is mentioned above,as often happens,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等。

“You can't judge a book by its cover,”as the old saying goes. 正如老话所说的那样:“人不可貌相。” 二、 关系副词引导的定语从句

定语从句除了由关系代词引导外,还可由关系副词when,where,why引导。它们在从句中作状语。 1.关系副词where引导的定语从句

当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词(place,factory,house,village等),且在定语从句中充当地点状语时,用where引导定语从句,相当于“介词in/at/on...+which”。

(2016·天津卷)I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. 我去了一所特殊学校,在那里我得到了足够的额外帮助。 This is the factory where/in which he works. 这是他工作的工厂。

(1)若表示地点的先行词在从句中不作地点状语时,不可用where来引导定语从句,若作主语或宾语

时,应用which或that来引导定语从句。

His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.(关系代词which/that在从句中作主语)

他爸爸在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。

The school (which/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)

我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。

(2)一些特殊名词后用where引导定语从句。如果定语从句前面的先行词是point,situation,condition,stage和case等,且在从句中作状语时,应用where来引导定语从句。

We have come to the point where we have to face such a problem. 我们已到了必须面对这样一个问题的地步了。

The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 这个国家处在随时会爆发战争的局势中。 2.关系副词when引导的定语从句

当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词(time,day,hour,year等),且在定语从句中充当时间状语时,用when引导,相当于“介词in/at/on/during...+which”结构。

I will never forget the day when/on which an earthquake struck Wenchuan, Sichuan Province. 我永远也不会忘记四川省汶川发生地震的那一天。 【误区警示】

当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that/which引导定语从句,关键要看先行词在定语从句中做何种成分。when是关系副词,在从句中只能作状语。关系词如在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that,作宾语时常常省略关系代词。

比较:

Do you remember the days which/that we spent together? (关系词在从句中作spent的宾语) 你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗?

Do you remember the days when/during which we worked together?(关系词在从句中作状语) 你还记得我们一起工作的日子吗? 3.关系副词why引导的定语从句

当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词,且在定语从句中充当原因状语时,用when引导,相当

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