发布时间 : 星期四 文章高考英语二轮培优新方案：专题限时检测(二十二) 阅读理解C篇高分练(三)含解析更新完毕开始阅读
高考英语二轮复习训练题
self-harm as a more culturally acceptable way to express extreme sufferings.”可知戴维认为，自残情绪的上升可能不是因为不快乐情绪的上升，而是因为这个年龄段的人现在把自残看作是一种在文化上可以接受的表达极度痛苦的方式。而青少年的这种理解是不正确的，所以需要外界正确的引导。
C
(2019·南京模拟)Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises — the phonemes (音素) of a language — each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages.
But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We'd rather think of language as the product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.
Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿音) — those such as “f” and “v” that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that “f” came to take the place of “p”. Romans said“pater”but English speakers(unless they're Rees-Moggs) say “father”．
Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must combine sound and meaning, and the meaning can't exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the palate (味觉)．
高考英语二轮复习训练题
语篇解读：本文阐述了日常饮食和思维、语言发展之间的关系。 9．Compared with adults, babies could more easily ________.
A．create significant noises B．classify the forms of noises C．understand the Greek language D．distinguish meaningful sounds
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，特别是前两句可知，婴儿有着成年人完全失去了的惊人的天赋，到了一岁的时候，他们就可以识别周围的明显噪声，并把它们分成一种语言。所以说与成人相比，婴儿更容易辨别有意义的声音。
10．According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language?
A．Lips and teeth. C．Age and regions.
B．Jobs and habits. D．Food and thinking.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“We'd rather think of language as the product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.”可知，我们宁愿把语言看作是我们思想的产物，而不是我们牙齿的排列。然而，实际上，任何给定的语言都必须是两者。由此推断食物和思维有助于塑造语言。
11．The reason for farmers' making sounds of “f” and “v” is ________.
A．enjoying more cooked foods B．biting more with front teeth C．constantly chewing harder foods D．growing up with lager lower jaws
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But in cultures that have discovered ... farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.”可知在发现了农业的文化中，“f”和“v”这些辅音更为常见，这是因为农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品。 12．By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal ________.
A．jaws help shape our thought B．food determines our thought
C．diet has some influence on language D．language consists of sound and meaning
解析：选C 写作意图题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了日常饮食、思维和语言发展之间的关系。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了揭示饮食对语言的影响。