发布时间 : 星期一 文章[口译资料]2012年 达沃斯 世界经济论坛 中英文更新完毕开始阅读
奋力开创中国经济更加光明的未来
——在2012年夏季达沃斯论坛上的致辞 中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝 2012年9月11日，天津
Towards a Brighter Future of the Chinese Economy --Speech by H.E. Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the World Economic Forum
Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2012 Tianjin, 11 September 2012
尊敬的克劳斯?施瓦布主席， 女士们，先生们：
Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, Ladies and Gentlemen,
今天在这里与新老朋友相聚，我感到非常高兴！首先对第六届夏季达沃斯论坛的召开表示热烈祝贺！对各位嘉宾的到来表示诚挚欢迎！
I am delighted to meet you, friends old and new here today. Let me first express warm congratulations on the opening of the sixth Annual Meeting of the New Champions, or the Summer Davos, and extend a sincere welcome to all the distinguished guests present.
夏季达沃斯论坛2007年在中国首次举办，迄今已经走过六个年头，成为具有广泛国际影响力的世界性论坛。本次论坛以―塑造未来经济‖为主题，反映了大家对推动可持续发展的远见卓识，对开创世界经济光明未来的迫切期待，具有很强的针对性和重要的现实意义。 The Summer Davos Forum, inaugurated in China in 2007, has become a global forum with extensive influence. The theme of the forum for this year – \the Future Economy\sustainable development and meets the high expectation for a bright future of the world economy.
中国经济实现了长达30多年的快速发展。特别是过去十年，我们紧紧抓住和用好国家发展的重要战略机遇期，奋力拼搏，开拓进取，经济社会发展实现了新的历史性跨越。2002年到2011年，国内生产总值年均增长10.7%，从世界第六位上升到第二位，人均国内生产总值由1000多美元提高到5432美元，对外贸易总额由世界第六位上升到第二位，外汇储备超过3万亿美元；产业结构优化升级，农业基础进一步巩固，区域发展协调性明显增强；各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活显著改善。我们经受住了许多灾害、困难和风险的考验，特别是近五年，有效应对国际金融危机的巨大冲击，保持了经济平稳较快发展。所有这一切都源于改革开放的伟大力量和中华民族自强不息的伟大精神；源于推动科学发展、构建和谐社会的不懈探索和努力。这里我愿意向大家谈谈我们的一些做法和体会。
China has enjoyed fast economic development for over 30 years. During the
past decade in particular, we firmly seized the strategic opportunities for development, made hard and pioneering efforts, and scored new historic
achievements in economic and social development. From 2002 to 2011, China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 10.7%, and moved up from the sixth to the second place in the world. Our per capita GDP rose from 1,000-plus US dollars to 5,432 US dollars. China's foreign trade volume also climbed from the sixth to the second place in the world, and foreign exchange reserves exceeded three trillion US dollars. China's industrial structure was upgraded, its
agricultural foundation was consolidated, and regional development became much more balanced. All-round progress was made in social programs and people's livelihood significantly improved. We have withstood the test of many disasters, difficulties and risks. In the recent five years in particular, we effectively tackled the huge impact of the international financial crisis and
sustained steady and fast economic growth. We owe these achievements to the strength of reform and opening-up, the persevering spirit of the Chinese nation and our tireless efforts in exploring a path of scientific development and
harmonious society. Here I wish to share with you what we did and what we have learned in this course of our endeavors.
——坚持加强和改善宏观调控，着力促进经济平稳较快发展。这十年，中国经济运行的一个最突出特点，是经济增长速度快、波动幅度比较小。我们充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，科学运用宏观调控手段，及时纠正市场失灵，防止经济出现大的起落。特别是国际金融危机爆发后，我们把扩大国内需求和稳定外需结合起来，把增加投资和刺激消费结合起来，把调整振兴产业和推动科技创新结合起来，把拉动经济增长和保障改善民生结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来，全面实施一揽子计划，在世界率先实现经济回升向好，也为全球经济走向复苏发挥了至关重要的作用。对于我们应对危机的一揽子计划，有人不顾事实地歪曲和指责，甚至说是不必要的代价。我想郑重地说明，正是因为当时的果断决策和科学应对，我们才避免了企业倒闭、工人失业、农民返乡，继续保持了中国经济发展的好势头，维护了社会和谐稳定，防止了现代化进程出现大的波折。这些年，社会财富不断增加，资产质量不断提高，抗风险能力不断增强。2009年至2011年底，我国城镇保障房开工建设2100多万套，基本建成1100万套；新增铁路营业里程1.35万公里，新增公路里程37.6万公里，其中高速公路2.46万公里；城市轨道交通、农村电网线路等基础设施明显改善，完成了7000多座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固；解决了大量农村人口饮水安全问题；建成一大批基层医疗卫生教育文化服务设施；一个新的汶川拔地而起，灾区经济社会发展实现了整体性跨越。同时，我们比较好地控制了财政金融风险。2011年财政赤字和国债余额占国内生产总值的比重分别为1.8%和15.28%，低于2002年的2.57%和16.07%；银行业金融机构不良贷款率从2003年底的15.2%下降到2011年底的1.8%；我们摸清了地方政府性债务情况，这两年，地方政府性债务规模总体稳定，风险总体可控。 – We enhanced macro-regulation to promote steady and fast economic growth. Fast growth and low fluctuation was the most salient feature of China's
economic performance in the past decade. We gave full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, exercised macro-regulation in a scientific way, acted quickly to correct market failures and prevented major fluctuations in the economy. After the international financial crisis broke out, we fully implemented
a package plan, making parallel efforts in expanding domestic demand and stabilizing external demand, increasing investment and stimulating
consumption, reinvigorating industries and promoting technological innovation, boosting economic growth and improving people's livelihood, and overcoming current difficulties and pursuing long-term development. Thanks to these
efforts, China was among the first to achieve an economic upturn and what we did was also vital in promoting world economic recovery. Some people made accusations about China's package plan in disregard of facts and they even said that we paid an undue price in this process. I want to make it clear here that it was exactly due to our resolute decision and scientific response that China was able to avoid factory closures, job losses and return of migrant workers to their home villages. These stimulus measures helped us keep the good momentum of economic development, maintain social stability and harmony and protect China's modernization process from major setbacks. Over the past several years, social wealth has increased, asset quality has improved and our capacity to resist risks has enhanced. From 2009 to the end of 2011, we began
construction of 21 million units of low-income urban housing, and 11 million units have been basically completed. The operational mileage of railways increased by 13,500 kilometers. The mileage of highways was extended by 376,000 kilometers, including the 24,600 kilometers of expressways.
Infrastructural facilities such as urban rail transport and rural power grid were significantly improved. Over 7,000 large- and medium-sized and key small aging reservoirs were reinforced. We extended access to potable water to many more rural people. A large number of community facilities providing medical, health, education and cultural services were established. A new Wenchuan was built and all-round progress was made in economic and social development of the disaster-stricken areas. Meanwhile, we had fiscal and financial risks under control. Our budget deficit and outstanding government debt in 2011 were 1.8% and 15.28% of the GDP, both lower than their 2002 levels of 2.57% and 16.07%. The ratio of non-performing loans in the banking sector went down from 15.2% at the end of 2003 to 1.8% in 2011. We obtained a true picture of local government debts. The scale of local government debts in the past two years was on the whole stable and risks were basically under control.
——坚持调整和优化经济结构，着力提高经济发展的质量和效益。这十年，中国发展导向的一个根本性变化，是从―快字当头‖转为―好字优先‖。我们把经济结构战略性调整作为转变发展方式的主攻方向，提高了发展质量，拓展了发展空间，增强了发展后劲。我们坚持内需外需均衡发展，实施一系列扩大内需的政策措施，经常账户顺差占国内生产总值的比重降低到2.8%，最终消费对经济增长的贡献率由43.9%提高到50.8%，消费、投资、出口协同拉动经济增长的格局正在形成。坚持创新驱动，制定实施科技、教育、人才中长期发展规划纲要，全国研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值的比重由1.23%提高到1.83%，专利授权量增加18.2倍，企业已经成为投入和研发的主体。推动经济增长向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变，农业综合生产能力不断提高，粮食产量实现历史性的―八连增‖，粮食储备超过5000亿斤，是历史最高水平；制造业规模跃居全球首位，高技术制造业总产值
年均增长22%，成为国民经济重要的先导性、支柱性产业；服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重提高1.6个百分点，特别是金融保险、现代物流、软件信息等现代服务业实现跨越发展。推动工业化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展，实施区域发展总体战略，初步扭转了工农差别、城乡差别、地区差别扩大的趋势。城镇化率由39.1%提高到51.3%，实现了城乡结构的历史性变化。2008年以来，中部、西部、东北地区经济增速持续超过东部地区，地区生产总值占全国比重明显提高，各具特色、良性互动的区域发展格局正在形成。 – We improved the economic structure to raise the quality and efficiency of economic development. A shift from fast growth to sound growth was a
fundamental change in the priorities of China's development in the past decade. We took strategic adjustment of the economic structure as the main task of shifting the growth model, and raised the quality, expanded the scope and bolstered the momentum of development. To balance the development of domestic and external demand, we rolled out a number of policies and
measures to boost domestic demand. As a result, our current account surplus as a percentage of GDP came down to 2.8%, the contribution of final consumption to economic growth rose from 43.9% to 50.8%, and a pattern in which
economic growth is jointly driven by consumption, investment and export is taking shape. Guided by an innovation-oriented approach, we formulated and implemented the mid- and long-term programs for science and technology, education and human resources development. National R&D spending as a percentage of GDP rose from 1.23% to 1.83%, the number of granted patents increased by 18.2 times, and enterprises have become the backbone of
investment and R&D activities. We pursued economic growth by relying on the coordinated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Overall agricultural productivity was enhanced, grain output grew for eight consecutive years, and grain reserves reached a historic high of over 250 million tons. The manufacturing sector became the largest in the world. High-tech manufacturing expanded at an average rate of 22% annually and became a leading pillar industry in the economy. Value-added of the service sector as a share of GDP increased by 1.6 percentage points and modern service industries such as finance, insurance, logistics, software and information enjoyed fast development. We promoted parallel development of industrialization,
urbanization and agricultural modernization, implemented the overall strategies for development of different regions and achieved initial success in closing the widening gaps between industry and agriculture, urban and rural areas, and among different regions. The urbanization rate rose from 39.1% to 51.3%, bringing a historic change in China's urban-rural structure. Since 2008, the central, western and northeastern regions have been growing faster than the eastern region and the share of GDP of these regions in the national total has notably risen. A regional development pattern featuring sound interaction among regions and distinctive local features is coming into being.
——坚持节约资源和保护环境，着力增强可持续发展能力。这十年，中国践行可持续发展理念的一个重大的标志性举措，是把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会确定为国家发展的重要