发布时间 : 星期一 文章倒装及倒装习题更新完毕开始阅读
Grammar(倒装)
英语句子一般有两种语序，一种主语在前，谓语在后，称为为自然语序。二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序，而倒装语序中又有完全倒装和部分倒装。 功能：1强调部分内容。2 满足语法结构的需要。3 为了保持句子平衡或与上下文衔接。
完全倒装 完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称\全部倒装\是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
一、There be 句型。
There be （stand ，exist ，live，lie…）+名词(主语) + 状语 1) There exist serious problems.
2) There stands a tower on top of the hill.
3) There will be a basketball match this afternoon.
二、以表示地点或方位等的副词开头的句子，且主语是名词时，要完全倒装。
“adv.（here，there，now，then, out，in，up，down，away）+vi.+主语” 1) 车来了。 Here comes the bus. 2) 铃响了。 There goes the bell. 3) 该你的了。 Now comes your turn. 4) 孩子们出去了。 Out went children.
5) 接着出现了一个新的困难 Then came a new difficulty． 注意: 当代词做主语时，主谓语序不变。 1) Away he went to the station.他到车站去了。 2) Here he comes. 他来了。 三、作地点的介词短语位于句首 (为了句子平衡或强调表语或状语或使上下文衔接)
E.g.
In front of house sat a small boy. Under the tree stands a little boy.
四、Such 位于句首，意为“这样的人或事”
E.g.：Such is Jack. He is friendly to his friends.
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements. 五、表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语” 1 “形容词+系动词+主语”
E.g.：Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
2 “过去分词+系动词+主语”
E.g.：Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 3 “介词短语+be+主语”
E.g.：Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
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部分倒装 部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词、be动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句子中没有这些词，则需在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。
一、用于疑问句
Do you speak English?
二、“两种从句，两种句型，两种状语”
（一）.两种从句
1. 在省略 if 的虚拟条件句中，将 were, had, should 放在主语前，构成倒装。
(1)Were I you (= If I were you),I would go there with him.
(2)Had you come (= If you had come) earlier, you would have met Mr Smith and his daughters.
(3)Should it rain tomorrow (=If it should rain) tomorrow, we would stay at home. if 引导虚拟条件句的几种情况： 条件从句 主句 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 2. as / though 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装。
(形容词，或名词、动词原形）+as（though）＋引导的让步状语从句（though 从句也可不用倒装；as从句一定要倒装；although不能引导倒装的从句。）且表语是单数名词要省去冠词,最高级前要去掉the。
E.g.1）Though / Although he is a child, he knows a lot.(正常语序)
Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.（倒装） 2）Clever as / though he is, he studies hard.. 3）Try as he might, he could not find a job.
（二）、两种句型
1、 so (也一样)，neither / nor (也不)放在句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另
一个人或物，要部分倒装。此时谓语应与前句谓语结构一致。构成”So+助动词/情态动词/be+主”。
1)I don’t buy products that cause pollution. Most people I know do not buy them, either.
I don’t buy…, and neither / nor do most people. 2）He works in Chongqing and so do I . 注意：当句中的两个谓语是不同种类的动词，或前面的句子有两个主语，一个是人，另一个是物时；前面的句子有两个相同的谓语动词，一是肯定形式，另一个
动词过去式(be动词用would+动词原形 were) had+过去分词(had done) would have done 一般过去时/were would(should)+动词原形 to/should+动词原形 2
是否定形式时；前面的句子有两个相同的谓语动词，但时态不同时，应用”so it is with sb.”或“It is the same with…”结构。
E.g.: 1）---Tom is a student and studies hard.
---So it is with John.\\It is the same with John.
2）Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engles.
3）John likes Chinese but he is not good at it. So it is with Mary.
I like playing football,but I don’t like playing basketball.
So it is with Mike.
表“的确如此”应为”so+主+助动词/情态动词/be动词” E.g.:---He works hard.
---So he does.
2、so+形容词/副词+that；such+名词…that 中的 so, such位于句首，要部分倒装。 E.g.
1）Jim was so happy that he couldn’t help dancing. So happy was Jim that he couldn't help dancing.
2）He is such a noble person that people all respect him. Such a noble person is he that people all respect him. 3）So heavily was it raining! （三）、两种状语
1、 only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，从句不倒装，
后面的主句要部分倒装。
E.g.：We can save the earth only by changing the way we live. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only in this way can you lean English well.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
Only then did I realize I had lost my key. 注意：如果only修饰主语（名词，代词），则不倒装 E.g.: Only he knows the thing.
2. 频率状语提前，即副词always, often, now and then, many a time等提前位于句首。
1) Many a time has he come to see me.
2) Often have I told them not to go swimming in the river. 3) Always does she go to see her grandmother on Sunday. 三、一个否定， 一种祝福
（一）一个否定：否定词或词组即no, not ,never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not once, nothing, nobody, nowhere，by no means, in no way, hardly/scarcely …when/before, no sooner …than位于句首，常使用部分倒装。 1) Nowhere could I see him.
2) Seldom does he go to see a film. 3) Never have I heard about it.
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4) By no means is smoking allowed in the classroom.（决不允许在教室里吸烟。）
5) At no place is smoking allowed.
注意：1. Hardly/scarcely …when…和no sooner…than… (“一……就”，意思
相当于“as soon as”)，当hardly, no sooner 放句首时,主句使用部分倒装，且主句须用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时 1) No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.
2) Hardly had he got to the cinema when his father phoned him.
2。否定副词如果只是限定句子主语而非修饰谓语或全句，则句子不必倒装；此外某些否定词，如not, no等修饰主语而不是做状语时，句子也不必倒装。
1) No survivor has yet been found. 2) Not all that glitters is gold.
（二）一种祝福:在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词
提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面，表示祝愿 1) Long live China! 中国万岁！ 2) May you succeed. 祝你成功
四、三种特殊句型
1. 句型：not only… but also连接并列分句时， not only置于句首，前一分句要部分倒装。
E.g.：Not only was the city seriously polluted, but also the streets were crowded. 如果置于句首的 not only……but also仅连接作主语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语不倒装。
Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law. 2. 句型：neither…nor…连接并列分句时，前后分句都倒装
E.g.：Neither is he foolish, nor is he lazy.（并列分句）
比较：Neither she nor I am satisfied with his answer.（并列主语） 3. 句型：not until…引导从句置于句首，后面的主句部分倒装。
“Not until+状语”放在句首，使用部分倒装。“not until＋状语从句”放在句首，也使用部分倒装，但注意从句不倒装，主句部分倒装。
E.g.：1）We won’t be able to improve the situation until we know more.
Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation. 2) Not until they came did we leave our office.
3）Not until 1949 did the village have its own school.
比较：It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment. 这是 not until …的强调句形式。强调句型：It is / was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ that。 总结： 完全倒装的情况：
一、There be 句型。There be （stand ，exist ，live，lie…）+名词(主语) + 状语 二、以表示地点或方位等的副词开头的句子，且主语是名词时，要完全倒装。“adv
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