最新人教版新目标八年级下册英语Unit-1-知识点

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八年级下册Unit1 What’s the matter?知识点

Section A

1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了? 用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题等,其后跟询问对象时与介词with连用。 What’s the matter (with sb.)? = What’s wrong (with sb.) ?

It doesn’t matter 没关系 (回答别人道歉时的用语) 2. have a cold=catch a cold 患感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患……病” have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛

3.辨析too much/too many/much too too much,太多,

(1) 修饰不可数名词 too much money (2) 修饰动词,放在动词之后 eat too much

too many, 太多, 修饰可数名词复数 too many students much too, 太, 修饰形容词或副词 much too cold 4.enough 的用法

(1) adj. 足够的,充分的,修饰名词,放在名词之前: enough time

(2)adv. 足够地,十分,相当,修饰adj.或adv, 放在adj.或adv. 之后: expensive enough

(3) be +adj. +enough to do sth. 足够…去做某事 He is strong enough to carry the box. 5.lie down 躺下来

lie→过去式lay→现在分词lying。

6. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。 with prep (反)without “具有, 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。

7. see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生 8. take one’s temperature 量体温 9. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢?

should “应该” 情态动词,后跟动词原形,表示责任和义务, should not =shouldn’t 不应该

10.sound like 听起来像,后接名词或名词性短语作表语。It sounds like a good idea. 11. need v. 需要

◆做实义动词,用于肯定句: 精品文档

(1)当主语是人,用sb. need to do sth. 某人需要做某事 You need to drink more water.

(2)当主语是物,用sth. need doing某事需要被做

My TV set needs repairing.

◆做情态动词,常用于否定句或疑问句 needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

◆must或need引导的一般疑问句, 肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to

— Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao? — No, you needn’t/ don’t have to. 12.take breaks=take a break休息 13.away from… 远离…

14.in the same way 用同样的方式/方法 15. without doing sth. 没有做某事 16. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事

(看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生) see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 (强调动作正在发生) 17. 24-year-old adj. 24岁的

“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成复合形容词,在句中作定语,用连字符连接,中间的名词必须用单数。 18. without think twice 没有考虑,没有思考 think twice 再三考虑 19. get off 下车(反)get on 上车 20. expect to do sth. 期望做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 21. wait for 等待

22. surprise ⑴ v. 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的

(以-ed结尾的adj.修饰人, 以-ing结尾的adj.修饰物。) be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊讶 ⑵ n. 惊讶 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是; in surprise 吃惊地 23. agree v. → (反) disagree v.

agree with sb. 同意某人 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 24. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 25.thanks to (+感谢的对象) 幸亏;由于

thanks /thank you for (+感谢的原因) 因……而感谢 26. on time 准时 in time 及时 27.It’s said that + 句子 据说…

28. think about 考虑;思考 think of 想起,认为

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think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出 29. right away 立刻,马上 = at once

30. get into trouble 陷入麻烦(或烦恼) get into 陷入 be in trouble 处于困境中

32. fall → fell → fallen v 落下; 跌落 fall down (from ) 摔倒,掉下,跌落

Section B

1. feel sick 生病;不舒服 辨析:sick /ill adj. 生病的

(1) sick adj. 生病的,既可放系动词后作表语,也可放名词前作定语。

be sick of …讨厌;厌恶…… sick person = patient病人 (2) ill adj.“生病的”,只能放在系动词后作表语, be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill → illness n. 病;疾病

2.tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事

3. have trouble / problem / difficult (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

4. be interested in对……感兴趣

interest ⑴ interest v. 引起…关注;使…感兴趣→ interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的 →interested adj.感兴趣的 ⑵ n. 兴趣 places of interest 名胜古迹 5. be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 use v. 使用→useful adj. 有用的 use sth. to do sth 用某物做某事 6.take risks = take a risk 冒险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事;风险做某事 7. one of … ......之一

one of + the +最高级 +名词复数 最…的…之一 当one of … 做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 8.lose→ lost v. 失去

lose one’s life 失去生命 get /be lost 迷路

9.because of 由于;因为,介词短语,后接名词或动词ing形式;

because 因为,连词,后接句子;回答why引导的问句;because 和so 不能同时在一个句子中连用。 10. find → found v. 找到,发现

find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很…… find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 11. by oneself= alone = on one’s own adj. 单独的,指无人陪伴的客观事实,不带感情色彩。 精品文档

12.run → ran v. 跑

run out用完,主语是物,sth. run out run out of = use up 主语是人, sb. run out of sth.

13.own ①adj. 自己的,常用在形容词性物主代词后面,强调某人自己的;

② v. 拥有(= have) → owner n. 所有者,物主 14.be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 15.cut off 切除

16.so that 以便,为了 引导目的状语从句, 从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等。

17.mean → meant v. 意味着→ meaning n. 意思 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

mean to do sth. 打算做某事

What is the meaning of...? ...的意思是什么? 18.get out of 离开,从……出来 与get 相关的短语:

get up起床 get to到达 get back 返回

get on 上车 get off 下车get on with 与……友好相处; 19.important adj. 重要的(反)unimportant → importance n. 重要性

the importance of … …..的重要性 20. decide v 决定→ decision n. 决定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事

make a decision = make decisions做决定 21. be in control of 掌管;管理

22. so …that 如此…..以致……,引导结果状语从句, so 后面接形容词或副词

23. keep on (doing sth.) 继续或坚持做某事 24. the same … as… 和......一样 反义:be different from 与......不同

25. die v.→ death n. 死,死亡 → dead adj. 死的 → dying adj. 将死的

26. mind v. 介意 n. 头脑,想法,记忆

make up one’s mind 下定决心 never mind 不要紧

mind doing sth. 介意做某事

Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗? 27. give up 放弃

give up doing sth. =stop doing sth. 放弃做某事

单元语法:反身代词

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1.反身代词的意义:

表示动作反射到本身或强调自己的代词。意为“自己,本身,亲自”。

2.反身代词的构成

◆第一、二人称的反身代词构成:

形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成

myself ,yourself ,ourselves ,yourselves ◆ 第三人称的反身代词构成:宾格+self/selves himself ,herself ,itself ,themselves

3.反身代词的常见搭配:

enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴 teach oneself=learn …by oneself 自学

by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃

introduce oneself to 自我介绍 dress oneself 自己穿衣服

hurt / cut oneself 弄伤/割伤自己

look after oneself=take care of oneself 照顾自己

(3)反身代词必须与句子中的主语保持人称和数的一致。

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